The Myth of Multitasking
Bir vaqtda ko‘p ish qilish afsonasi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Nega miyamiz bir vaqtning o‘zida bir nechta ishni yaxshi bajara olmaydi.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Many of us are proud of our ability to multitask. We answer emails during meetings, check our phones while talking to friends, and listen to podcasts while studying. Yet a growing body of research suggests that what we call multitasking is largely an illusion.
Ko‘pchiligimiz bir vaqtda bir nechta ish qila olishimiz bilan faxrlanamiz. Yig‘ilishlar paytida xatlarga javob beramiz, do‘stlar bilan gaplashayotib telefonni tekshiramiz, o‘qiyotib podkast tinglaymiz. Biroq ko‘payib borayotgan tadqiqotlar biz “multitasking” deb ataydigan narsa asosan illyuziya ekanini ko‘rsatmoqda.
Neuroscientists explain that the brain cannot focus on two demanding tasks at the same time. Instead, it switches rapidly between them. Each switch has a cost: it takes time for the brain to reorient itself, and some information is lost along the way. Some studies estimate that frequent switching can reduce productivity by up to 40 percent.
Neyrologlar miya ikkita murakkab vazifaga bir vaqtda e’tibor qarata olmasligini tushuntiradi. Buning o‘rniga u ular orasida tez almashib turadi. Har bir almashishning narxi bor: miyaning qayta yo‘nalish olishiga vaqt ketadi va bu jarayonda ba’zi ma’lumotlar yo‘qoladi. Ba’zi tadqiqotlarga ko‘ra, tez-tez almashish unumdorlikni 40 foizgacha kamaytirishi mumkin.
Interestingly, people who consider themselves skilled multitaskers often perform worse on tests of attention than those who prefer to do one thing at a time. They are more easily distracted by irrelevant information and find it harder to filter out what is unimportant.
Qizig‘i shundaki, o‘zini mohir “multitasker” deb hisoblaydigan odamlar ko‘pincha diqqat testlarida bir vaqtda bitta ish qilishni afzal ko‘radiganlarga qaraganda yomonroq natija ko‘rsatadi. Ular ahamiyatsiz ma’lumotlardan osonroq chalg‘iydi va keraksiz narsalarni ajratib tashlash ular uchun qiyinroq.
There are exceptions. We can combine an automatic activity, such as walking, with a thinking task, such as having a conversation. The problems arise when both tasks require conscious attention. The practical lesson is simple: if something matters, give it your full attention, and close the other tabs, both on your screen and in your mind.
Istisnolar ham bor. Biz piyoda yurish kabi avtomatik faoliyatni suhbatlashish kabi fikrlash vazifasi bilan birlashtira olamiz. Muammolar ikkala vazifa ham ongli e’tibor talab qilganda paydo bo‘ladi. Amaliy saboq oddiy: agar biror narsa muhim bo‘lsa, unga to‘liq e’tibor bering va boshqa “tablar”ni yoping — ham ekraningizda, ham xayolingizda.
The consequences can be serious outside the office too. Studies of drivers using mobile phones, even hands-free devices, show that their reaction times slow to a level comparable with drivers who have been drinking. The problem is not holding the phone but dividing attention: the conversation competes for the same mental resources needed to notice a child stepping into the road.
Oqibatlar ofisdan tashqarida ham jiddiy bo‘lishi mumkin. Mobil telefondan, hatto qo‘l tegmaydigan qurilmalardan foydalanayotgan haydovchilar ustidagi tadqiqotlar ularning reaksiya vaqti mast haydovchilarnikiga teng darajaga sekinlashishini ko‘rsatadi. Muammo telefonni ushlab turishda emas, balki diqqatni bo‘lishda: suhbat yo‘lga chiqib qolgan bolani payqash uchun zarur bo‘lgan aqliy resurslar uchun raqobatlashadi.
Some companies have started to respond. They encourage “deep work” periods with notifications switched off, ban laptops in meetings, or set rules about how quickly emails must be answered. Early reports suggest that employees not only produce better work but also feel less exhausted at the end of the day, because constant switching is mentally tiring in itself.
Ba’zi kompaniyalar javob bera boshladi. Ular bildirishnomalar o‘chirilgan “chuqur ish” davrlarini rag‘batlantiradi, yig‘ilishlarda noutbuklarni taqiqlaydi yoki xatlarga qanchalik tez javob berish kerakligi haqida qoidalar o‘rnatadi. Dastlabki ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, xodimlar nafaqat sifatliroq ish qiladi, balki kun oxirida o‘zlarini kamroq holdan toygan his qiladi, chunki doimiy almashishning o‘zi ham aqlan charchatadi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the writer’s main argument?
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2 What actually happens when we “multitask”, according to neuroscientists?
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3 What is surprising about people who think they are good multitaskers?
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4 Which combination does the writer say is possible?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 The writer says the main danger is holding the phone in your hand.
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2 The writer says no tasks can ever be combined.
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3 Laptop bans in meetings have reduced meeting length.
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4 Frequent switching can reduce productivity significantly.
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5 Hands-free phone devices still slow down drivers’ reactions.
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6 Women are better at multitasking than men.
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Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.
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