Irregular Verbs

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ko‘p fe’llar o‘tgan zamonda oddiygina -ed oladi: work → worked, play → played. Bular to‘g‘ri fe’llar. Lekin ingliz tilidagi eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’llar qadimdan qolgan o‘z shakllariga ega: go → went, see → saw, eat → ate. Bular noto‘g‘ri fe’llar (irregular verbs).

Ular unchalik ko‘p emas — kundalik nutq uchun 100 ga yaqini yetarli. Lekin ular shunchalik ko‘p ishlatiladiki, ularsiz birorta hikoya ham aytib bo‘lmaydi: went, said, got, made, took, came, saw, knew, thought, told...

Har bir noto‘g‘ri fe’lning uch shakli bor. Ularni uch xil kiyim deb tasavvur qiling:

• I go to work every day.Har kuni ishga boraman. (V1)
• I went to work yesterday.Kecha ishga bordim. (V2)
• I have gone to work by bus for years.Yillardan beri ishga avtobusda boraman. (V3)

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Uch shaklning har biri qachon ishlatiladi.
2. 100 ga yaqin eng kerakli noto‘g‘ri fe’llar jadvali.
3. Fe’llarni guruhlab yodlash usuli.
4. Talaffuzi qiyin fe’llar: read, said, bought.
5. Chalkashtiriladigan juftliklar: lie / lay, rise / raise.
6. Samarali yodlash rejasi.

Uch shakl qachon ishlatiladi?

Muhim: 2-shakl faqat bo‘lishli Past Simple gapda. Inkor va savolda did bor, shuning uchun fe’l 1-shaklga qaytadi: I went → I didn’t go → Did you go?

Eng kerakli noto‘g‘ri fe’llar

Quyidagi jadvalda eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’llar alifbo tartibida berilgan.

Britaniya va Amerika: learn, burn, dream, smell, spell fe’llari Britaniyada ko‘pincha -t bilan (learnt, burnt), Amerikada -ed bilan (learned, burned). Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri.

Guruhlab yodlash osonroq

Yuzta fe’lni alifbo tartibida yodlash qiyin. Lekin ular o‘xshash guruhlarga bo‘linadi — guruhlab yodlash ancha oson va tez.

1-guruh: uchalasi bir xil (A-A-A)

Eng oson guruh — hech narsa o‘zgarmaydi.

• I put my keys on the table.Kalitlarimni stolga qo‘ydim. (o‘tgan zamon)
• It cost a lot.Bu qimmat turdi.
• She cut her finger.U barmog‘ini kesib oldi.

read ham shu guruhda, lekin talaffuzi o‘zgaradi: read (“rid”) — read (“red”) — read (“red”).

2-guruh: 2 va 3 bir xil (A-B-B)

Eng katta guruh. 2-shaklni bilsangiz, 3-shaklni ham bilasiz.

• I bought a new phone. I have bought a new phone.Yangi telefon oldim.
• She told me the news. She has told everyone.U menga yangilikni aytdi.
• We slept well.Biz yaxshi uxladik.

3-guruh: unli o‘zgaradi (i-a-u)

Bu guruh qo‘shiqqa o‘xshaydi: i → a → u.

• We sang songs all night.Tun bo‘yi qo‘shiq kuyladik.
• I have never swum in the sea.Men hech qachon dengizda suzmaganman.
• The lesson has already begun.Dars allaqachon boshlandi.

4-guruh: 3-shakl -n bilan tugaydi

• Someone has stolen my bag!Kimdir sumkamni o‘g‘irlab ketdi!
• This book was written by Navoi.Bu kitob Navoiy tomonidan yozilgan.
• I’ve known him for years.Uni yillardan beri taniyman.

5-guruh: 1 va 3 bir xil (A-B-A)

• He came late yesterday.U kecha kech keldi.
• He has come home.U uyga keldi.
• She became a doctor.U shifokor bo‘ldi.

6-guruh: butunlay boshqa so‘zlar

Bu fe’llarni alohida yodlash kerak — ular hech qaysi guruhga o‘xshamaydi.

Talaffuzi qiyin fe’llar

Ba’zi fe’llar yozilishi va o‘qilishi juda farq qiladi.

Chalkashtiriladigan juftliklar

Ba’zi fe’llar bir-biriga juda o‘xshaydi, lekin ma’nosi farq qiladi.

fell — fall ning 2-shakli, lekin shu bilan birga alohida fe’l ham (daraxt kesmoq). felt — feel ning 2-shakli. Bularni aralashtirmang: I fell — yiqildim, I felt — his qildim.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Gapda qaysi shaklni ishlatishni aniqlash uchun:

1. Oldida have / has / had bormi? → 3-shakl: I have eaten.
2. Oldida am / is / are / was / were bormi (passiv)? → 3-shakl: It was made in China.
3. Oldida did / didn’t, can, will, to bormi? → 1-shakl: I didn’t eat. I can eat.
4. Oddiy o‘tgan zamon, bo‘lishli gap? → 2-shakl: I ate.

Misol: “Siz bu filmni ko‘rganmisiz?”

1. Hayot tajribasi → Present Perfect → have + 3-shakl.
2. see → saw → seen.

Misol: “Kecha bu filmni ko‘rmadim.”

1. Past Simple, inkor → didn’t + 1-shakl.
2. see → see.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: did dan keyin — 1-shakl, have / be dan keyin — 3-shakl, oddiy o‘tgan zamon — 2-shakl.

Yodlash rejasi

1. Guruhlab oling. Bir kunda bitta guruh: masalan, “-ought” fe’llari (bought, brought, thought, fought, caught, taught).
2. Ovoz chiqarib ayting. Uch shaklni qo‘shiqdek: buy — bought — bought.
3. Har biri bilan gap tuzing. Yesterday I bought bread. I have bought a new phone.
4. Ertasiga takrorlang. Eskisini takrorlab, yangi guruh qo‘shing.
5. Matnda toping. Kitob yoki maqola o‘qiganda noto‘g‘ri fe’llarni belgilab chiqing.
6. Testlarni ishlang. Saytdagi testlar har safar boshqa tartibda chiqadi.

Shu reja bilan bir oyda deyarli barcha kerakli fe’llarni bilib olasiz.

Kichik hikoya bilan mashq

Yesterday I woke up late. I got dressed quickly and ran to the bus stop, but the bus left without me. I took a taxi. At work I saw that my phone was at home. My boss gave me a lot of work. I ate lunch at my desk. In the evening I met my friends and we went to a cafe. I felt much better.

Matnda 11 ta belgilangan noto‘g‘ri fe’l bor. Har birining uch shaklini ayting.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. go → went → gone
2. write → wrote → written
3. buy → bought → bought
4. drink → drank → drunk
5. put → put → put
6. I have never ___ (eat) sushi. → eaten
7. We ___ (meet) last year. → met
8. Did you ___ (see) him? → see

Qisqa xulosa

• Noto‘g‘ri fe’l -ed olmaydi, uch shakli yodlanadi.
• 1-shakl — hozirgi zamon, did / can / will / to dan keyin.
• 2-shakl — faqat bo‘lishli Past Simple.
• 3-shakl — have / has / had va be (passiv) bilan.
• Guruhlab yodlang: A-A-A (put), A-B-B (bought), i-a-u (sing), -en (taken).
• Talaffuzga e’tibor: read (red), said (sed), bought (bot).
• fell (yiqildim) va felt (his qildim) — aralashtirmang.