Amelia Earhart: Flying into History
Ameliya Erxart: tarixga parvoz
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Atlantika okeani ustidan yolg‘iz uchgan birinchi ayol uchuvchi va uning sirli g‘oyib bo‘lishi.
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Amelia Earhart was one of the most famous pilots of all time. In the 1920s and 1930s, when flying was still new and dangerous and very few women were allowed to do “men’s jobs”, she broke record after record. She became a symbol of courage and independence for women around the world. Yet she is also remembered for one of the greatest mysteries of the twentieth century: her disappearance over the Pacific Ocean in 1937.
Ameliya Erxart barcha davrlarning eng mashhur uchuvchilaridan biri edi. 1920-1930-yillarda, parvoz hali yangi va xavfli bo‘lgan va juda kam ayollarga “erkaklar ishi”ni qilishga ruxsat berilgan paytda, u rekord ketidan rekord o‘rnatdi. U butun dunyo ayollari uchun jasorat va mustaqillik ramziga aylandi. Biroq u XX asrning eng katta sirlaridan biri — 1937-yilda Tinch okeani ustida g‘oyib bo‘lishi bilan ham esda qolgan.
Amelia was born in Kansas, in the United States, in 1897. As a child, she was adventurous and loved climbing trees and hunting rats with a gun. She also kept a scrapbook of newspaper articles about successful women in jobs usually done by men, such as engineering and law. She saw her first aeroplane at a fair when she was ten, but she was not impressed. “It was a thing of rusty wire and wood,” she later wrote.
Ameliya 1897-yilda AQShning Kanzas shtatida tug‘ilgan. Bolaligida u sarguzashtlarni yaxshi ko‘rar, daraxtlarga chiqishni va miltiq bilan kalamush ovlashni yoqtirardi. U odatda erkaklar bajaradigan muhandislik va huquq kabi kasblarda muvaffaqiyat qozongan ayollar haqidagi gazeta maqolalari albomini ham yuritgan. U birinchi samolyotini o‘n yoshida yarmarkada ko‘rgan, lekin u unga ta’sir qilmagan. “U zanglagan sim va yog‘ochdan iborat narsa edi”, deb yozgan u keyinroq.
Everything changed in 1920, when her father took her to an air show in California and paid ten dollars for a ten-minute flight. “By the time I had got two or three hundred feet off the ground,” she said, “I knew I had to fly.” She worked several jobs, including as a photographer and a truck driver, to pay for flying lessons. Within a year, she had saved enough money to buy her own plane, a bright yellow machine she called “The Canary”.
1920-yilda otasi uni Kaliforniyadagi aviatsiya ko‘rgazmasiga olib borib, o‘n daqiqalik parvoz uchun o‘n dollar to‘laganida hamma narsa o‘zgardi. “Yerdan ikki-uch yuz fut ko‘tarilganimdayoq, — dedi u, — uchishim kerakligini angladim.” U parvoz darslari uchun pul to‘lash maqsadida fotograf va yuk mashinasi haydovchisi kabi bir nechta ishda ishladi. Bir yil ichida u o‘z samolyotini sotib olish uchun yetarli pul yig‘di, bu u “Kanareyka” deb atagan yorqin sariq mashina edi.
In 1928, Amelia became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, but only as a passenger. Two men did all the flying, and she kept the flight records. She was famous, but she was not satisfied. “I was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes,” she said. Four years later, in 1932, she did it properly: she flew alone across the Atlantic, from Canada to Northern Ireland, in about fifteen hours. She was the first woman, and only the second person after Charles Lindbergh, to do so.
1928-yilda Ameliya Atlantika okeanini uchib o‘tgan birinchi ayol bo‘ldi, lekin faqat yo‘lovchi sifatida. Barcha parvozni ikki erkak boshqardi, u esa parvoz qaydlarini yuritdi. U mashhur bo‘ldi, lekin qoniqmadi. “Men shunchaki yuk edim, bir qop kartoshka kabi”, dedi u. To‘rt yildan keyin, 1932-yilda, u buni haqiqiy ravishda amalga oshirdi: Kanadadan Shimoliy Irlandiyagacha Atlantika ustidan taxminan o‘n besh soatda yolg‘iz uchib o‘tdi. U buni qilgan birinchi ayol va Charlz Lindbergdan keyin ikkinchi inson edi.
Amelia used her fame to encourage other women. She helped to start an organisation for women pilots, called the Ninety-Nines, and worked at a university advising female students about careers. She designed her own line of clothes and wrote books about her flights. She believed that women should have the same opportunities as men and should not be afraid to try new things.
Ameliya o‘z shuhratidan boshqa ayollarni ruhlantirish uchun foydalandi. U “To‘qson to‘qqiz” deb nomlangan ayol uchuvchilar tashkilotini tashkil etishga yordam berdi va universitetda talaba qizlarga kasb tanlash bo‘yicha maslahatchi bo‘lib ishladi. U o‘z kiyimlar to‘plamini loyihalashtirdi va parvozlari haqida kitoblar yozdi. U ayollar erkaklar bilan bir xil imkoniyatlarga ega bo‘lishi va yangi narsalarni sinab ko‘rishdan qo‘rqmasligi kerak, deb hisoblardi.
In 1937, at the age of thirty-nine, she began her most ambitious project: to fly all the way around the world along the equator. With her navigator, Fred Noonan, she completed about 35,000 kilometres of the journey. On 2 July, they took off from New Guinea to fly to tiny Howland Island in the middle of the Pacific. They never arrived. Radio operators heard her last messages saying that fuel was running low, and then there was silence.
1937-yilda, o‘ttiz to‘qqiz yoshida, u o‘zining eng katta loyihasini boshladi: ekvator bo‘ylab butun dunyo atrofida uchib chiqish. Shturmani Fred Nunan bilan u safarning taxminan 35 000 kilometrini bosib o‘tdi. 2-iyulda ular Yangi Gvineyadan Tinch okeani o‘rtasidagi kichkina Xauland oroliga uchish uchun havoga ko‘tarilishdi. Ular hech qachon yetib bormadi. Radio operatorlari uning yoqilg‘i tugayotgani haqidagi oxirgi xabarlarini eshitishdi, keyin esa sukunat cho‘kdi.
The United States carried out the largest sea and air search in its history up to that time, but no trace of the plane was found. Since then, there have been many theories. Most experts believe the plane ran out of fuel and fell into the ocean. Others think Amelia and Fred may have landed on a small island and survived for some time. Searches continue even today. Whatever happened, her courage still inspires people almost ninety years later.
AQSh o‘sha paytgacha o‘z tarixidagi eng katta dengiz va havo qidiruvini o‘tkazdi, lekin samolyotning hech qanday izi topilmadi. O‘shandan beri ko‘plab nazariyalar paydo bo‘ldi. Aksariyat mutaxassislar samolyotning yoqilg‘isi tugab, okeanga qulagan deb hisoblashadi. Boshqalar Ameliya va Fred kichik orolga qo‘nib, bir muddat omon qolgan bo‘lishi mumkin, deb o‘ylashadi. Qidiruvlar bugun ham davom etmoqda. Nima bo‘lgan bo‘lmasin, uning jasorati deyarli to‘qson yildan keyin ham odamlarni ilhomlantirib kelmoqda.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the text mainly about?
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2 What did Amelia think of the first aeroplane she saw?
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3 Why wasn’t Amelia satisfied after her 1928 flight?
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4 What was the Ninety-Nines?
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5 What do most experts believe happened in 1937?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Charles Lindbergh flew alone across the Atlantic before Amelia.
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2 Amelia’s mother did not want her to fly.
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3 Fred Noonan had a wife and children.
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4 Amelia was born in Kansas.
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5 Amelia’s books were best-sellers.
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6 Amelia flew with a navigator on her last journey.
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7 Amelia worked as a truck driver to pay for lessons.
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8 Amelia’s solo flight across the Atlantic took about three days.
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9 Amelia’s father paid for her first flight.
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10 Amelia first saw an aeroplane when she was twenty.
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11 The plane was found a few years later.
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12 Amelia’s first plane was red.
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