The Story of Coffee
Qahva tarixi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Qahvaning Efiopiyadan butun dunyoga tarqalishi haqidagi hikoya.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
According to a popular legend, coffee was discovered in Ethiopia over a thousand years ago by a goat herder called Kaldi. He noticed that his goats became very energetic after eating red berries from a certain bush.
Mashhur afsonaga ko‘ra, qahvani ming yildan ko‘proq oldin Efiopiyada Kaldi ismli echki boquvchi kashf etgan. U echkilari ma’lum bir butaning qizil mevalarini yegandan keyin juda baquvvat bo‘lib qolganini payqagan.
Whether or not the story is true, by the fifteenth century people in Yemen were growing coffee and drinking it to stay awake during long night prayers. From there, it spread to Mecca, Cairo and Istanbul, where the first coffee houses opened.
Hikoya rostmi yoki yo‘qmi, XV asrga kelib Yamandagi odamlar qahva yetishtirib, uzoq tungi ibodatlar paytida bedor qolish uchun uni ichishgan. U yerdan qahva Makka, Qohira va Istanbulga tarqalgan va u yerda birinchi qahvaxonalar ochilgan.
These coffee houses became important social places where people met to talk, play chess, listen to music and discuss the news. Some rulers even tried to ban them because they worried people were discussing politics.
Bu qahvaxonalar odamlar gaplashish, shaxmat o‘ynash, musiqa tinglash va yangiliklarni muhokama qilish uchun uchrashadigan muhim ijtimoiy joylarga aylandi. Ba’zi hukmdorlar odamlar siyosatni muhokama qilishidan xavotirlanib, ularni taqiqlashga ham urinishgan.
In the seventeenth century, coffee reached Europe, and later it was taken to Latin America, which now produces most of the world’s coffee. Today, people drink around two billion cups every day.
XVII asrda qahva Yevropaga yetib bordi, keyinroq Lotin Amerikasiga olib ketildi, hozir dunyodagi qahvaning katta qismini o‘sha yer yetishtiradi. Bugun odamlar har kuni taxminan ikki milliard chashka qahva ichishadi.
Coffee houses arrived in London in the 1650s and quickly became popular. They were sometimes called “penny universities”, because for the price of a cup of coffee, you could listen to and join conversations with merchants, scientists and writers. Some famous institutions, including an important insurance company, began in coffee houses.
Qahvaxonalar 1650-yillarda Londonga yetib keldi va tezda ommalashdi. Ular ba’zan “penni universitetlari” deb atalgan, chunki bir chashka qahva narxiga savdogarlar, olimlar va yozuvchilarning suhbatlarini tinglashingiz va ularga qo‘shilishingiz mumkin edi. Ba’zi mashhur muassasalar, jumladan muhim sug‘urta kompaniyasi, qahvaxonalarda boshlangan.
Today, coffee is one of the most traded agricultural products in the world. However, most coffee farmers are small producers who earn very little. “Fair trade” schemes try to guarantee them a minimum price, so that they can earn a living even when world prices fall.
Bugun qahva dunyodagi eng ko‘p sotiladigan qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlaridan biri. Biroq qahva yetishtiruvchilarning ko‘pchiligi juda kam daromad oladigan kichik ishlab chiqaruvchilar. “Adolatli savdo” dasturlari ularga eng kam narxni kafolatlashga harakat qiladi, toki jahon narxlari tushganda ham ular tirikchilik qila olsin.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
-
Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the article mainly about?
-
2 Why did people in Yemen drink coffee?
-
3 Why did some rulers try to ban coffee houses?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
-
1 Coffee reached Europe in the fifteenth century.
-
2 Most coffee farmers are rich large producers.
-
3 Kaldi became rich from selling coffee.
-
4 London coffee houses were called “penny universities”.
-
5 Latin America now produces most of the world’s coffee.
-
6 Fair trade coffee tastes better.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.
Natijangiz
- Tushunish
- —
- So‘zlar
- —
- Tezlik
- —