The True Cost of Fast Fashion
Arzon modaning haqiqiy narxi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Arzon kiyimlarning atrof-muhit va ishchilarga ta’siri hamda iste’molchi nima qila oladi.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
A T-shirt that costs less than a sandwich may seem like a bargain. But the fashion industry’s low prices hide considerable costs, which are paid by the environment and by the workers who make our clothes.
Sendvichdan arzon turadigan futbolka foydali xariddek tuyulishi mumkin. Lekin moda sanoatining past narxlari ortida atrof-muhit va kiyimlarimizni tikadigan ishchilar to‘laydigan katta xarajatlar yashiringan.
The industry is responsible for an estimated 8 to 10 percent of global carbon emissions, more than international flights and shipping combined. Producing a single pair of jeans can require around 7,500 litres of water, and dyeing fabrics is a major source of water pollution in countries such as Bangladesh.
Sanoat global karbon chiqindilarining taxminan 8–10 foiziga mas’ul, bu xalqaro parvozlar va dengiz tashuvlarini birga qo‘shgandan ham ko‘p. Bitta jinsi shim ishlab chiqarish uchun taxminan 7 500 litr suv kerak bo‘lishi mumkin, matolarni bo‘yash esa Bangladesh kabi mamlakatlarda suv ifloslanishining asosiy manbalaridan biri.
The human cost is equally serious. Many garment workers earn far less than a living wage and work long hours in unsafe conditions. In 2013, the collapse of the Rana Plaza factory building in Bangladesh killed more than 1,100 people and drew global attention to the problem.
Inson uchun xarajat ham shunchalik jiddiy. Ko‘plab tikuvchilar yashash uchun yetarli maoshdan ancha kam ishlab, xavfli sharoitlarda uzoq soatlar ishlashadi. 2013-yilda Bangladeshdagi Rana Plaza fabrika binosining qulashi 1 100 dan ortiq odamning hayotiga zomin bo‘ldi va dunyo e’tiborini muammoga qaratdi.
Consumers are not powerless. Buying fewer but better-quality items, repairing clothes, choosing second-hand and supporting brands that are transparent about their supply chains can all make a difference. As one campaigner puts it, “The most sustainable garment is the one already in your wardrobe.”
Iste’molchilar ojiz emas. Kamroq, lekin sifatliroq narsa sotib olish, kiyimlarni ta’mirlash, ikkinchi qo‘l kiyim tanlash va ta’minot zanjiri haqida ochiq bo‘lgan brendlarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash — bularning barchasi o‘zgarish yasashi mumkin. Bir faol aytganidek: “Eng barqaror kiyim — shkafingizda allaqachon turgan kiyim.”
Part of the problem is speed. Some brands now release new designs every week, and online retailers add thousands of new items daily. Social media encourages this cycle: influencers rarely want to be photographed in the same outfit twice. As a result, the average number of times a garment is worn before being thrown away has fallen sharply over the past twenty years.
Muammoning bir qismi tezlikda. Ba’zi brendlar endi har hafta yangi dizaynlar chiqaradi, onlayn sotuvchilar esa har kuni minglab yangi buyumlar qo‘shadi. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar bu siklni rag‘batlantiradi: influenserlar kamdan-kam hollarda bir xil kiyimda ikki marta suratga tushishni xohlaydi. Natijada kiyim tashlab yuborilishidan oldin kiyiladigan o‘rtacha marta soni so‘nggi yigirma yilda keskin kamaydi.
Recycling is often presented as the solution, but it is more complicated than it sounds. Most clothes are made from mixed fibres, such as cotton combined with polyester, which are very difficult to separate. Less than one percent of the material used to make clothing is currently recycled into new clothes. Much of what is donated to charity is exported to countries in Africa and Asia, where it can overwhelm local markets and end up in landfill.
Qayta ishlash ko‘pincha yechim sifatida taqdim etiladi, lekin bu eshitilganidan murakkabroq. Ko‘pchilik kiyimlar aralash tolalardan, masalan, poliester qo‘shilgan paxtadan tayyorlanadi, ularni ajratish juda qiyin. Kiyim tayyorlashda ishlatiladigan materialning bir foizdan kamrog‘i hozirda yangi kiyimlarga qayta ishlanadi. Xayriyaga topshirilganlarning katta qismi Afrika va Osiyo mamlakatlariga eksport qilinadi, u yerda ular mahalliy bozorlarni to‘ldirib yuborib, chiqindixonaga tushishi mumkin.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the main purpose of the article?
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2 How does the fashion industry’s carbon footprint compare with flights and shipping?
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3 What happened at Rana Plaza in 2013?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Influencers are paid to wear fast fashion.
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2 Second-hand clothes are cheaper than new ones.
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3 The article says consumers can do nothing.
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4 Mixed fibres are easy to separate.
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5 Dyeing fabrics causes water pollution.
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6 Less than one percent of clothing material is recycled into new clothes.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.