Scientists Confirm Another Record-Breaking Year
Olimlar yana bir rekord yilni tasdiqladi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Global haroratning yangi rekordi va uning oqibatlari haqida yangilik.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
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👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Last year was the hottest since reliable global records began in the mid-nineteenth century, according to data released yesterday by several independent scientific agencies. The analyses, which use different methods and datasets, agree that the average global surface temperature was around one and a half degrees Celsius above the level of the late nineteenth century, the period commonly used as a baseline for pre-industrial conditions.
Kecha bir nechta mustaqil ilmiy agentliklar tomonidan e’lon qilingan ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, o‘tgan yil XIX asr o‘rtalarida ishonchli global yozuvlar boshlanganidan beri eng issiq yil bo‘ldi. Turli usullar va ma’lumotlar to‘plamlaridan foydalangan tahlillar o‘rtacha global sirt harorati odatda sanoatgacha bo‘lgan sharoitlar uchun asos sifatida ishlatiladigan XIX asr oxiri darajasidan taxminan bir yarim daraja Selsiyga yuqori bo‘lganiga qo‘shiladi.
The figure is symbolically significant. Under the Paris Agreement of 2015, nearly every country in the world committed to limiting warming to “well below” two degrees and to pursuing efforts to limit it to one and a half degrees. Scientists were quick to stress, however, that a single year above this threshold does not mean that the target has been definitively missed. The Paris goal refers to long-term averages over periods of twenty years or more, smoothing out the natural fluctuations from one year to the next.
Bu raqam ramziy ahamiyatga ega. 2015-yilgi Parij kelishuviga ko‘ra, dunyodagi deyarli barcha mamlakatlar isishni ikki darajadan “ancha past” darajada cheklash va uni bir yarim daraja bilan cheklash uchun harakat qilish majburiyatini olgan. Biroq olimlar bu chegaradan yuqori bo‘lgan bitta yil maqsadga aniq erishilmadi degani emasligini darhol ta’kidlashdi. Parij maqsadi bir yildan keyingi yilga tabiiy tebranishlarni tekislab, yigirma yil yoki undan ortiq davrdagi uzoq muddatli o‘rtacha ko‘rsatkichlarga taalluqli.
Part of the exceptional heat was attributed to El Niño, a natural climate pattern in which the surface waters of the tropical Pacific Ocean become unusually warm, releasing heat into the atmosphere. But researchers emphasised that El Niño alone could not explain the record. The underlying trend, driven by the continued accumulation of greenhouse gases from the burning of coal, oil and gas, has pushed global temperatures steadily upwards for decades, and each of the last ten years has been among the warmest ever recorded.
Favqulodda issiqlikning bir qismi tropik Tinch okeanining sirt suvlari g‘ayrioddiy darajada isib, atmosferaga issiqlik chiqaradigan tabiiy iqlim hodisasi — El Ninyoga bog‘landi. Lekin tadqiqotchilar El Ninyoning o‘zi rekordni tushuntira olmasligini ta’kidlashdi. Ko‘mir, neft va gazni yoqishdan issiqxona gazlarining uzluksiz to‘planishi tufayli yuzaga kelgan asosiy tendensiya o‘nlab yillar davomida global haroratni barqaror ravishda yuqoriga ko‘tarib kelmoqda va so‘nggi o‘n yilning har biri qayd etilgan eng issiq yillar qatorida bo‘ldi.
The consequences were felt around the world. Prolonged heatwaves affected South Asia, southern Europe and parts of North America, while sea surface temperatures reached record levels, causing widespread bleaching of coral reefs. In Central Asia, several countries reported their hottest summers on record, with temperatures in some cities exceeding forty-five degrees and placing heavy demands on electricity networks and water supplies.
Oqibatlari butun dunyoda his qilindi. Uzoq davom etgan jazirama Janubiy Osiyo, Janubiy Yevropa va Shimoliy Amerikaning ba’zi qismlariga ta’sir qildi, dengiz sirti harorati esa rekord darajaga yetib, marjon riflarining keng ko‘lamli rangsizlanishiga sabab bo‘ldi. Markaziy Osiyoda bir nechta mamlakatlar qayd etilgan eng issiq yozni boshdan kechirganini xabar qildi, ba’zi shaharlarda harorat qirq besh darajadan oshib, elektr tarmoqlari va suv ta’minotiga katta yuk tushirdi.
Climate scientists said the findings underlined the urgency of reducing emissions. “Every fraction of a degree matters,” said one researcher involved in the analysis. “The difference between one and a half and two degrees of warming means hundreds of millions more people exposed to extreme heat, and the near-total loss of tropical coral reefs rather than a large proportion of them.” She added that the rapid growth of solar and wind power in recent years offered genuine grounds for hope, but that the pace of change would need to accelerate considerably.
Iqlimshunoslar topilmalar chiqindilarni kamaytirishning shoshilinchligini ta’kidlashini aytishdi. “Darajaning har bir ulushi muhim”, — dedi tahlilda ishtirok etgan tadqiqotchilardan biri. — “Bir yarim va ikki daraja isish o‘rtasidagi farq yuzlab million ko‘proq odamning o‘ta issiqqa duchor bo‘lishini va tropik marjon riflarining katta qismi emas, deyarli butunlay yo‘qolishini anglatadi.” U so‘nggi yillarda quyosh va shamol energetikasining tez o‘sishi haqiqiy umid uchun asos berishini, lekin o‘zgarishlar sur’ati sezilarli darajada tezlashishi kerakligini qo‘shimcha qildi.
Some economists and commentators argued that the focus on a single temperature threshold risked encouraging fatalism, with people concluding that if one and a half degrees could not be achieved, further efforts were pointless. Scientists firmly rejected this interpretation. Warming, they pointed out, is not a cliff edge but a slope: every tonne of carbon dioxide that is not emitted reduces future damage, regardless of whether any particular target is met.
Ba’zi iqtisodchilar va sharhlovchilar bitta harorat chegarasiga e’tibor qaratish taqdirga tan berishni rag‘batlantirish xavfini tug‘dirishini, ya’ni odamlar bir yarim darajaga erishib bo‘lmasa, keyingi harakatlar befoyda degan xulosaga kelishini ta’kidlashdi. Olimlar bu talqinni qat’iyan rad etishdi. Ularning ta’kidlashicha, isish jarlik chekkasi emas, balki qiyalik: chiqarilmagan har bir tonna karbonat angidrid, biror maqsadga erishilgan-erishilmaganidan qat’i nazar, kelajakdagi zararni kamaytiradi.
The agencies said they expected the coming year to be slightly cooler as El Niño conditions fade, but still among the five warmest on record.
Agentliklar El Ninyo sharoitlari so‘nib borar ekan, kelgusi yil biroz salqinroq bo‘lishini, lekin baribir qayd etilgan eng issiq besh yil qatoriga kirishini kutishlarini aytishdi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the main news in the report?
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2 Why does one year above 1.5 degrees not mean the Paris goal has definitely been missed?
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3 What role did El Niño play, according to scientists?
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4 Why do scientists reject the idea that further efforts are pointless?
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5 What do the agencies expect for the coming year?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 The Paris Agreement aims to keep warming well below two degrees.
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2 The researcher quoted works for a European agency.
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3 Several independent agencies reached similar conclusions.
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4 Each of the last ten years has been among the warmest on record.
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5 Some Central Asian cities had temperatures above forty-five degrees.
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6 Every country has met its Paris Agreement commitments.
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7 Coral reefs were unaffected by the high sea temperatures.
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8 El Niño involves unusually warm water in the tropical Pacific.
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9 Scientists describe warming as a slope rather than a cliff edge.
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10 Global records began in the early twentieth century.
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11 The researcher said there was no reason for hope.
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12 Electricity was cut off in several Central Asian cities.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.