Ulugh Beg: The Astronomer King
Ulug‘bek: munajjim shoh
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Mirzo Ulug‘bekning ilmiy merosi va fojiali taqdiri.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Mirzo Ulugh Beg, the grandson of Amir Temur, ruled Samarkand for nearly forty years in the fifteenth century. Unlike his grandfather, he is remembered less for military victories than for his remarkable contributions to science.
Amir Temurning nabirasi Mirzo Ulug‘bek XV asrda Samarqandni qariyb qirq yil boshqargan. Bobosidan farqli o‘laroq, u harbiy g‘alabalari bilan emas, balki ilm-fanga qo‘shgan ajoyib hissasi bilan ko‘proq esda qolgan.
In 1420, he founded a madrasa in the Registan where mathematics and astronomy were taught alongside religious subjects. A few years later, he built an observatory on a hill outside the city. Its giant instrument, a curved structure more than forty metres long, allowed astronomers to measure the positions of stars with extraordinary precision.
1420-yilda u Registonda madrasa asos solib, u yerda diniy fanlar bilan birga matematika va astronomiya o‘qitilgan. Bir necha yil o‘tgach, u shahar tashqarisidagi tepalikda rasadxona qurdi. Uning uzunligi qirq metrdan ortiq egri inshootdan iborat ulkan asbobi astronomlarga yulduzlarning o‘rnini favqulodda aniqlik bilan o‘lchash imkonini bergan.
The result was the “Zij-i Sultani”, a catalogue of more than a thousand stars. His calculation of the length of the year differed from the modern value by less than a minute. The catalogue was later translated into Latin and studied by European scholars.
Natijada mingdan ortiq yulduzni o‘z ichiga olgan “Ziji Sultoniy” katalogi yaratildi. Uning yil uzunligini hisoblashi zamonaviy qiymatdan bir daqiqadan kamroq farq qilgan. Katalog keyinchalik lotin tiliga tarjima qilinib, Yevropa olimlari tomonidan o‘rganilgan.
His story ended tragically. Religious conservatives distrusted his scientific interests, and in 1449 he was killed in a plot involving his own son. The observatory was destroyed, and its location was forgotten until an archaeologist rediscovered it in 1908.
Uning hikoyasi fojiali yakunlandi. Diniy aqidaparastlar uning ilmiy qiziqishlariga ishonchsizlik bilan qarashgan va 1449-yilda u o‘z o‘g‘li ishtirok etgan fitna natijasida o‘ldirilgan. Rasadxona vayron qilingan va uning joylashuvi 1908-yilda arxeolog uni qayta topgunicha unutilgan edi.
Ulugh Beg was an unusual ruler. He preferred the company of scholars to that of generals, and he personally taught at his madrasa. Contemporary sources say he could calculate complex astronomical tables in his head and knew large parts of the Quran by heart. His court attracted around sixty astronomers and mathematicians, including the brilliant Ali Qushji and al-Kashi.
Ulug‘bek g‘ayrioddiy hukmdor edi. U sarkardalardan ko‘ra olimlar davrasini afzal ko‘rgan va o‘z madrasasida shaxsan dars bergan. Zamondoshlarining ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, u murakkab astronomik jadvallarni xayolan hisoblay olgan va Qur’onning katta qismini yoddan bilgan. Uning saroyi oltmishga yaqin astronom va matematiklarni, jumladan, iqtidorli Ali Qushchi va al-Koshiyni jalb qilgan.
Yet his gifts as a scientist were not matched by skill as a politician or military commander. After his father Shahrukh died in 1447, Ulugh Beg struggled to hold the empire together and suffered several defeats. His focus on science, while admirable, may have left him poorly prepared for the ruthless competition for power that followed.
Biroq uning olim sifatidagi iqtidori siyosatchi yoki sarkarda sifatidagi mahorati bilan mos kelmasdi. Otasi Shohruh 1447-yilda vafot etgach, Ulug‘bek saltanatni birlashtirib turishga qiynaldi va bir necha mag‘lubiyatga uchradi. Uning ilmga e’tibori, garchi tahsinga loyiq bo‘lsa-da, keyin boshlangan shafqatsiz hokimiyat kurashiga uni yomon tayyorlagan bo‘lishi mumkin.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the text mainly about?
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2 What was special about the observatory’s giant instrument?
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3 How accurate was Ulugh Beg’s calculation of the year?
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4 When was the observatory rediscovered?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Ulugh Beg wrote poetry.
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2 Ali Qushji later moved to Istanbul.
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3 Ulugh Beg was a highly successful military commander.
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4 Ulugh Beg taught at his own madrasa.
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5 Ulugh Beg’s star catalogue was translated into Latin.
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6 Ulugh Beg is mainly remembered for his military victories.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.