The Coming Water Crisis
Yaqinlashayotgan suv inqirozi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Chuchuk suv tanqisligi sabablari va suvni tejashning amaliy yechimlari.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Although water covers more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, only about 2.5 percent of it is fresh, and most of that is locked in glaciers and ice caps. The water that humans can actually use is a tiny and increasingly stretched resource.
Garchi suv Yer yuzasining 70 foizdan ortig‘ini qoplasa-da, uning atigi 2,5 foizga yaqini chuchuk, uning ham katta qismi muzliklar va muz qoplamalarida qamalib yotibdi. Inson aslida foydalana oladigan suv — kichik va borgan sari tanqislashib borayotgan resurs.
Demand is rising rapidly because of population growth, urbanisation and, above all, agriculture, which accounts for roughly 70 percent of global freshwater use. At the same time, climate change is making rainfall less predictable and droughts more severe.
Aholining o‘sishi, urbanizatsiya va eng avvalo, global chuchuk suv iste’molining taxminan 70 foizini tashkil etuvchi qishloq xo‘jaligi tufayli talab tez o‘smoqda. Shu bilan birga, iqlim o‘zgarishi yog‘ingarchilikni oldindan aytib bo‘lmaydigan, qurg‘oqchiliklarni esa kuchliroq qilmoqda.
Central Asia illustrates the challenge clearly. Much of the region’s irrigation water is lost through leaking canals and inefficient flood irrigation, in which fields are simply covered with water. Some estimates suggest that more than half of the water taken from rivers never reaches the crops.
Markaziy Osiyo bu muammoni yaqqol ko‘rsatadi. Mintaqadagi sug‘orish suvining katta qismi sizib turgan kanallar va dalalar shunchaki suv bilan qoplanadigan samarasiz bostirib sug‘orish orqali yo‘qoladi. Ba’zi hisob-kitoblarga ko‘ra, daryolardan olinadigan suvning yarmidan ko‘pi ekinlarga hech qachon yetib bormaydi.
The solutions are well known, even if they require investment. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to plant roots and can cut use by up to half. Lining canals, recycling wastewater and growing less thirsty crops can also help. In many places, the problem is not a lack of water but the way it is managed.
Yechimlar yaxshi ma’lum, garchi ular sarmoya talab qilsa ham. Tomchilatib sug‘orish suvni bevosita o‘simlik ildizlariga yetkazadi va iste’molni yarmigacha qisqartirishi mumkin. Kanallarni qoplash, oqova suvlarni qayta ishlash va kam suv talab qiladigan ekinlarni yetishtirish ham yordam berishi mumkin. Ko‘p joylarda muammo suv yetishmasligida emas, balki uning boshqarilishida.
Water can also be a source of tension between countries. Many major rivers cross national borders, and decisions made upstream, such as building a dam, affect everyone downstream. In Central Asia, the countries in the mountains need water in winter to produce electricity, while the countries downstream need it in summer to irrigate their fields.
Suv davlatlar o‘rtasida ziddiyat manbai ham bo‘lishi mumkin. Ko‘plab yirik daryolar milliy chegaralarni kesib o‘tadi va yuqori oqimda qabul qilingan qarorlar, masalan, to‘g‘on qurish, quyi oqimdagi barchaga ta’sir qiladi. Markaziy Osiyoda tog‘li mamlakatlarga suv qishda elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarish uchun kerak, quyi oqimdagi mamlakatlarga esa yozda dalalarni sug‘orish uchun kerak.
Individuals can make a difference too, although household use is a relatively small share of the total. Fixing leaking taps, taking shorter showers and collecting rainwater for gardens all help. Perhaps more significant are our food choices: producing one kilogram of beef requires roughly fifteen times more water than producing one kilogram of vegetables.
Shaxslar ham hissa qo‘shishi mumkin, garchi maishiy iste’mol umumiy hajmning nisbatan kichik ulushi bo‘lsa ham. Oqayotgan jo‘mraklarni tuzatish, qisqaroq dush qabul qilish va bog‘ uchun yomg‘ir suvini yig‘ish — bularning barchasi yordam beradi. Ehtimol, oziq-ovqat tanlovimiz ko‘proq ahamiyatga ega: bir kilogramm mol go‘shti ishlab chiqarish bir kilogramm sabzavotga qaraganda taxminan o‘n besh baravar ko‘p suv talab qiladi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the main argument of the article?
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2 Which sector uses the most fresh water globally?
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3 Why is a lot of irrigation water lost in Central Asia?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Drip irrigation can reduce water use by up to half.
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2 Drip irrigation is cheap to install.
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3 Most of the Earth’s fresh water is in rivers and lakes.
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4 Beef production needs much more water than vegetables.
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5 Central Asian countries have signed a new water agreement.
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6 Household use is the largest share of water use.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.