Should Homework Be Banned?
Uy vazifasini taqiqlash kerakmi?
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Uy vazifasining foydasi va zarari haqida tadqiqotlarga asoslangan esse.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Few school traditions provoke as much argument as homework. Some parents complain that their children spend every evening at the kitchen table, too tired to play, read for pleasure or spend time with the family. Others worry that their children are given too little, and fear they will fall behind. A number of schools in different countries have recently reduced homework or abolished it altogether in the early years. Is homework a valuable tool or an outdated habit?
Kam sonli maktab an’analari uy vazifasidek ko‘p bahs-munozaraga sabab bo‘ladi. Ba’zi ota-onalar farzandlari har oqshomni oshxona stoli atrofida o‘tkazishidan, o‘ynash, zavq uchun kitob o‘qish yoki oila bilan vaqt o‘tkazishga juda charchab qolishidan shikoyat qiladi. Boshqalar esa farzandlariga juda kam vazifa berilishidan xavotirlanib, ular ortda qolishidan qo‘rqishadi. Turli mamlakatlardagi bir qator maktablar yaqinda uy vazifasini kamaytirdi yoki boshlang‘ich sinflarda uni butunlay bekor qildi. Uy vazifasi qimmatli vositami yoki eskirgan odatmi?
The research gives a more nuanced answer than either side might like. The American psychologist Harris Cooper, who reviewed dozens of studies, found that the link between homework and achievement depends strongly on age. For secondary school students, there was a clear positive relationship: those who did more homework tended to do better in tests, up to a point. For primary school children, however, the link was weak or almost non-existent.
Tadqiqotlar har ikki tomon istaganidan ko‘ra nozikroq javob beradi. O‘nlab tadqiqotlarni ko‘rib chiqqan amerikalik psixolog Harris Kuper uy vazifasi va o‘zlashtirish o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik yoshga kuchli bog‘liq ekanini aniqlagan. O‘rta maktab o‘quvchilari uchun aniq ijobiy bog‘liqlik bor edi: ko‘proq uy vazifasi bajarganlar ma’lum bir chegaragacha testlarda yaxshiroq natija ko‘rsatishga moyil edi. Biroq boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari uchun bog‘liqlik zaif yoki deyarli yo‘q edi.
The words “up to a point” are important. Cooper suggested a simple guideline, sometimes called the “ten-minute rule”: around ten minutes of homework per night for each school year, so twenty minutes for a child in the second year and about two hours for a student in the final year of school. Beyond this, the benefits seem to level off, and very large amounts of homework may even be harmful, leading to stress, lack of sleep and a loss of interest in learning.
“Ma’lum bir chegaragacha” so‘zlari muhim. Kuper ba’zan “o‘n daqiqa qoidasi” deb ataladigan oddiy yo‘riqnomani taklif qilgan: har bir o‘quv yili uchun har kecha taxminan o‘n daqiqa uy vazifasi, ya’ni ikkinchi sinfdagi bola uchun yigirma daqiqa va maktabning oxirgi yilidagi o‘quvchi uchun taxminan ikki soat. Bundan ortig‘ida foyda o‘sishdan to‘xtaydi shekilli va juda katta hajmdagi uy vazifasi hatto zararli bo‘lishi, stress, uyqu yetishmasligi va o‘qishga qiziqishning yo‘qolishiga olib kelishi mumkin.
Supporters of homework argue that its value is not only academic. Doing homework teaches children to manage their time, work independently and take responsibility for their own learning, skills that are essential at university and in adult life. Some subjects, such as learning a language or a musical instrument, also require regular practice that simply cannot all fit into the school day. Homework can also give parents a window into what their children are learning.
Uy vazifasi tarafdorlari uning qiymati faqat akademik emasligini ta’kidlashadi. Uy vazifasini bajarish bolalarga vaqtni boshqarish, mustaqil ishlash va o‘z o‘qishi uchun mas’uliyatni o‘z zimmasiga olishni o‘rgatadi, bu ko‘nikmalar universitetda va kattalar hayotida zarur. Til yoki musiqa asbobini o‘rganish kabi ba’zi fanlar, shuningdek, maktab kuniga to‘liq sig‘maydigan muntazam mashqni talab qiladi. Uy vazifasi ota-onalarga farzandlari nimani o‘rganayotganini ko‘rish imkonini ham beradi.
Critics respond that homework increases inequality. A child from a family with educated parents, a quiet room and a computer has an enormous advantage over a child who shares a small flat with several siblings, or whose parents work in the evenings and cannot help. In this way, homework can end up measuring a family’s resources rather than a child’s effort or ability.
Tanqidchilar bunga javoban uy vazifasi tengsizlikni kuchaytirishini aytishadi. Ma’lumotli ota-onasi, sokin xonasi va kompyuteri bor oiladagi bola bir nechta aka-uka va opa-singillari bilan kichik kvartirada yashaydigan yoki ota-onasi kechqurun ishlab, yordam bera olmaydigan bolaga nisbatan ulkan ustunlikka ega. Shu tarzda uy vazifasi bolaning harakati yoki qobiliyatini emas, balki oilaning imkoniyatlarini o‘lchab qo‘yishi mumkin.
In my opinion, banning homework completely would be a mistake, but so would giving it simply out of habit. The quality of homework matters far more than its quantity. A short task that asks students to think, such as reading a chapter and preparing a question for class discussion, is likely to be more valuable than pages of repetitive exercises. For younger children, the most useful homework may simply be reading for pleasure with a parent. Schools could also offer supervised homework clubs after lessons, so that every child has a quiet place to work and someone to ask for help.
Menimcha, uy vazifasini butunlay taqiqlash xato bo‘lardi, lekin uni shunchaki odat tusida berish ham xato. Uy vazifasining sifati uning miqdoridan ancha muhimroq. Masalan, bobni o‘qib, sinf muhokamasi uchun savol tayyorlashni so‘raydigan, o‘quvchilarni o‘ylashga undaydigan qisqa vazifa sahifalab takroriy mashqlardan qimmatliroq bo‘lishi mumkin. Kichik yoshdagi bolalar uchun eng foydali uy vazifasi shunchaki ota-ona bilan zavq uchun kitob o‘qish bo‘lishi mumkin. Maktablar, shuningdek, darslardan keyin nazorat ostidagi uy vazifasi klublarini taklif qilishi mumkin, shunda har bir bolada ishlash uchun sokin joy va yordam so‘rash mumkin bo‘lgan odam bo‘ladi.
Homework, then, is neither a miracle nor a disaster. Like most educational tools, its value depends on how thoughtfully it is used.
Demak, uy vazifasi na mo‘jiza, na falokat. Ko‘pgina ta’lim vositalari singari, uning qiymati undan qanchalik o‘ylab foydalanilishiga bog‘liq.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the writer’s main conclusion?
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2 What did Harris Cooper find about primary school children?
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3 According to the “ten-minute rule”, how much homework should a student in the sixth year do?
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4 Why do critics say homework increases inequality?
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5 What does the writer suggest for younger children?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Too much homework can lead to lack of sleep.
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2 For secondary students, more homework was linked to better test results up to a point.
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3 Most teachers support the ten-minute rule.
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4 Supporters say homework teaches time management.
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5 According to the essay, the more homework students do, the better, without any limit.
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6 The writer has children of their own.
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7 The writer suggests homework clubs supervised after lessons.
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8 Some schools have abolished homework in the early years.
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9 Harris Cooper reviewed many studies on homework.
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10 The writer believes repetitive exercises are the most valuable homework.
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11 Harris Cooper was once a primary school teacher.
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12 All parents want their children to get less homework.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.