Less Is More? The Case for Minimalism
Kamroq — ko‘proqmi? Minimalizm foydasiga
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Kam narsaga ega bo‘lib yashash g‘oyasi, uning foydalari va cheklovlari haqida esse.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
A few years ago, I counted the things in my small flat. I stopped when I reached two thousand, and I had not even opened the kitchen cupboards. Most of these objects I had not touched for months: clothes that no longer fitted, cables for devices I no longer owned, books I had promised myself I would read. That evening I began to understand why so many people have become interested in minimalism, the idea of living deliberately with fewer possessions.
Bir necha yil oldin kichkina kvartiramdagi narsalarni sanab chiqdim. Ikki mingga yetganimda to‘xtadim, holbuki oshxona javonlarini hali ochmagan ham edim. Bu buyumlarning ko‘piga oylab qo‘l tekkizmagan edim: endi tushmaydigan kiyimlar, endi menda yo‘q qurilmalarning simlari, o‘qishga o‘zimga va’da bergan kitoblar. O‘sha oqshom men nega shuncha odam minimalizmga, ya’ni ongli ravishda kamroq mulk bilan yashash g‘oyasiga qiziqib qolganini tushuna boshladim.
The argument for minimalism begins with a simple observation: owning things has costs that are not shown on the price tag. Every object must be stored, cleaned, repaired, insured or eventually thrown away. A larger home to hold our possessions means a larger rent or mortgage. Psychologists have also found that cluttered homes are associated with higher levels of stress, particularly among women, who in many households still do most of the tidying.
Minimalizm foydasidagi dalil oddiy kuzatuvdan boshlanadi: narsalarga egalik qilishning narx yorlig‘ida ko‘rsatilmagan xarajatlari bor. Har bir buyumni saqlash, tozalash, ta’mirlash, sug‘urta qilish yoki oxir-oqibat tashlab yuborish kerak. Mulkimizni sig‘diradigan kattaroq uy kattaroq ijara yoki ipoteka degani. Psixologlar, shuningdek, narsalar bilan to‘lib ketgan uylar, ayniqsa ko‘p xonadonlarda hali ham yig‘ishtirishning asosiy qismini bajaradigan ayollar orasida yuqoriroq stress darajasi bilan bog‘liqligini aniqlashgan.
There is also evidence that buying things does not make us as happy as we expect. The pleasure of a new purchase fades quickly as we get used to it, a process psychologists call “hedonic adaptation”. By contrast, studies suggest that spending money on experiences, such as travel, concerts or meals with friends, tends to bring more lasting satisfaction, partly because experiences become part of our identity and are often shared with other people.
Narsalarni sotib olish bizni kutganimizdek baxtli qilmasligiga oid dalillar ham bor. Yangi xariddan olingan zavq biz unga ko‘nikkanimiz sari tezda so‘nadi, psixologlar bu jarayonni “gedonik moslashuv” deb atashadi. Aksincha, tadqiqotlar pulni sayohat, kontsertlar yoki do‘stlar bilan ovqatlanish kabi taassurotlarga sarflash uzoqroq qoniqish berishga moyil ekanini ko‘rsatadi, qisman taassurotlar shaxsiyatimizning bir qismiga aylanishi va ko‘pincha boshqa odamlar bilan baham ko‘rilishi sababli.
Then there is the environment. Every product we buy requires raw materials, energy and transport, and many end up in landfill after a short life. If people in wealthy countries bought fewer, better-made things and kept them for longer, the effect on carbon emissions and waste could be considerable.
Keyin atrof-muhit masalasi bor. Biz sotib oladigan har bir mahsulot xomashyo, energiya va transportni talab qiladi va ko‘plari qisqa umrdan keyin chiqindixonaga tushadi. Agar boy mamlakatlardagi odamlar kamroq, lekin sifatliroq narsalar sotib olib, ularni uzoqroq saqlaganida, uglerod chiqindilari va chiqindilarga ta’siri sezilarli bo‘lishi mumkin edi.
However, minimalism has its critics, and some of their points are fair. Minimalism, they argue, is often a lifestyle choice available mainly to the comfortable middle class. Throwing away possessions is easy if you know you can afford to replace them whenever you need to; for a family with little money, keeping things “just in case” is a sensible strategy rather than a psychological weakness. Critics also note the irony that minimalism has itself become a product, sold through expensive books, designer furniture and social media accounts full of beautiful, empty white rooms.
Biroq minimalizmning tanqidchilari ham bor va ularning ba’zi fikrlari o‘rinli. Ularning ta’kidlashicha, minimalizm ko‘pincha asosan farovon o‘rta sinf uchun mavjud bo‘lgan turmush tarzi tanlovidir. Kerak bo‘lganda istalgan payt almashtira olishingizni bilsangiz, mulkni tashlab yuborish oson; puli kam oila uchun narsalarni “har ehtimolga qarshi” saqlash psixologik zaiflik emas, balki oqilona strategiyadir. Tanqidchilar, shuningdek, minimalizmning o‘zi qimmat kitoblar, dizaynerlik mebellari va chiroyli, bo‘m-bo‘sh oq xonalarga to‘la ijtimoiy tarmoq sahifalari orqali sotiladigan mahsulotga aylangani kinoyasini ham qayd etishadi.
In my own experience, the most useful lesson of minimalism is not about how many things you own, but about why you own them. After my count, I did give away about half of my possessions, but I kept my grandmother’s heavy old teapot, which I rarely use, because it reminds me of afternoons in her kitchen. Minimalism, at its best, is not about emptiness; it is about making room for what matters.
Mening tajribamda minimalizmning eng foydali saboqi qancha narsaga ega ekaningiz haqida emas, balki ularga nima uchun ega ekaningiz haqida. Sanab chiqqanimdan keyin mulkimning taxminan yarmini boshqalarga berdim, lekin buvimning kamdan-kam ishlatadigan og‘ir eski choynagini saqlab qoldim, chunki u menga uning oshxonasidagi tushdan keyingi vaqtlarni eslatadi. Minimalizm eng yaxshi ko‘rinishida bo‘shliq haqida emas; u muhim narsalarga joy ochish haqida.
So, is less really more? Not always, and not for everyone. But in a culture that constantly encourages us to buy, asking ourselves whether we really need something before we pay for it seems a habit worth developing.
Xo‘sh, kamroq haqiqatan ham ko‘proqmi? Har doim ham emas va hamma uchun ham emas. Lekin bizni doimiy ravishda xarid qilishga undaydigan madaniyatda pul to‘lashdan oldin o‘zimizdan bu narsa haqiqatan ham kerakmi, deb so‘rash rivojlantirishga arziydigan odatdek tuyuladi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the writer’s overall view of minimalism?
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2 What made the writer interested in minimalism?
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3 What is “hedonic adaptation”?
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4 What is one criticism of minimalism mentioned in the essay?
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5 Why did the writer keep the teapot?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Minimalism itself has become something that is sold.
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2 The writer’s grandmother is still alive.
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3 The writer counted more than two thousand things in their flat.
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4 Critics say keeping things “just in case” can be sensible for poorer families.
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5 The writer uses the teapot every day.
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6 The writer travels abroad every year.
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7 The writer lives alone.
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8 According to the essay, experiences are rarely shared with others.
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9 Cluttered homes are linked to higher stress.
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10 Experiences may bring more lasting satisfaction than objects.
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11 The writer had used most of their possessions recently.
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12 The writer gave away all of their possessions.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.