A Short History of Chess
Shaxmatning qisqacha tarixi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Shaxmat qayerda paydo bo‘lgani va dunyoga qanday tarqalgani haqida.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Chess is one of the oldest games in the world. Most historians believe it started in India about one thousand five hundred years ago. The early game was called “chaturanga”, and its pieces were like an army: soldiers, horses, elephants and chariots.
Shaxmat dunyodagi eng qadimgi o‘yinlardan biri. Ko‘pchilik tarixchilarning fikricha, u taxminan bir ming besh yuz yil oldin Hindistonda paydo bo‘lgan. Ilk o‘yin “chaturanga” deb atalgan va uning donalari qo‘shinga o‘xshardi: askarlar, otlar, fillar va jang aravalari.
From India, the game travelled to Persia, where it was called “shatranj”. When the Arabs conquered Persia, they learned the game too, and it spread across the Islamic world, including Central Asia. In fact, some of the oldest chess pieces ever found were discovered near Samarkand.
Hindistondan o‘yin Forsga o‘tgan va u yerda “shatranj” deb atalgan. Arablar Forsni bosib olgach, ular ham o‘yinni o‘rganishdi va u butun islom olamiga, jumladan, Markaziy Osiyoga tarqaldi. Aslida, hozirgacha topilgan eng qadimgi shaxmat donalaridan ba’zilari Samarqand yaqinida topilgan.
Chess reached Europe about one thousand years ago. Europeans changed some rules. The most important change happened around 1500, when the queen became the strongest piece on the board. Before that, she could only move one square at a time.
Shaxmat Yevropaga taxminan ming yil oldin yetib borgan. Yevropaliklar ba’zi qoidalarni o‘zgartirishdi. Eng muhim o‘zgarish taxminan 1500-yilda yuz berdi, o‘shanda farzin taxtadagi eng kuchli donaga aylandi. Bundan oldin u bir vaqtda faqat bir katak yura olardi.
Today, millions of people play chess, both on real boards and online. Computers are now better than any human player, but people still love the game. Many schools teach chess because it helps children think carefully and plan ahead.
Bugun millionlab odamlar ham haqiqiy taxtada, ham internetda shaxmat o‘ynaydi. Kompyuterlar endi har qanday inson o‘yinchidan kuchliroq, lekin odamlar o‘yinni hamon yaxshi ko‘radi. Ko‘p maktablar shaxmatni o‘rgatadi, chunki u bolalarga puxta o‘ylashga va oldindan rejalashtirishga yordam beradi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the text mainly about?
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2 Where did chess probably start?
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3 What changed around 1500?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 The Persian name of the game was “chaturanga”.
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2 Before 1500, the queen could move across the whole board.
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3 Chess is the most popular game in the world.
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4 Old chess pieces were found near Samarkand.
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5 Chess was popular with Persian kings.
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6 Computers are now better than humans at chess.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.