The Tourism Paradox
Turizm paradoksi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Ommaviy turizm mashhur joylarni qanday buzishi va barqaror sayohat yo‘llari.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries, providing jobs for millions and allowing people to experience other cultures. Yet in places such as Venice, Barcelona and Dubrovnik, residents have protested against the very visitors on whom their economies depend.
Turizm dunyodagi eng yirik sohalardan biri bo‘lib, millionlab odamlarni ish bilan ta’minlaydi va odamlarga boshqa madaniyatlarni his qilish imkonini beradi. Biroq Venetsiya, Barselona va Dubrovnik kabi joylarda aholi iqtisodiyoti aynan o‘zlariga bog‘liq bo‘lgan mehmonlarga qarshi norozilik bildirgan.
The problem is known as overtourism. When too many visitors arrive, rents rise as flats are converted into short-term holiday lets, pushing local families out. Traditional shops are replaced by souvenir stalls, and the authentic atmosphere that attracted tourists in the first place begins to disappear.
Bu muammo “overturizm” deb ataladi. Juda ko‘p mehmon kelganda, kvartiralar qisqa muddatli ijaraga aylantirilgani sababli ijara narxlari oshib, mahalliy oilalarni siqib chiqaradi. An’anaviy do‘konlar o‘rnini esdalik sovg‘alari rastalari egallaydi va dastlab sayyohlarni jalb qilgan haqiqiy muhit yo‘qola boshlaydi.
This is the paradox: tourism can destroy the qualities that make a destination worth visiting. Some cities are now fighting back. Venice has introduced an entry fee for day-trippers, Amsterdam has banned new hotels in its centre, and Bhutan has long limited visitor numbers through a daily fee.
Mana paradoks: turizm manzilni tashrif buyurishga arziydigan qiladigan xususiyatlarni yo‘q qilishi mumkin. Ba’zi shaharlar endi qarshi kurashmoqda. Venetsiya bir kunlik sayyohlar uchun kirish to‘lovini joriy qildi, Amsterdam markazida yangi mehmonxonalarni taqiqladi, Butan esa uzoq vaqtdan beri kunlik to‘lov orqali tashrif buyuruvchilar sonini cheklab keladi.
Travellers can also play a part: visiting in the off-season, exploring lesser-known places, staying longer rather than rushing through, and spending money in locally owned businesses. Responsible tourism does not mean travelling less; it means travelling more thoughtfully.
Sayohatchilar ham hissa qo‘shishi mumkin: mavsumdan tashqari vaqtda borish, kam tanilgan joylarni kashf etish, shoshilmasdan uzoqroq qolish va pulni mahalliy egalarga tegishli bizneslarga sarflash. Mas’uliyatli turizm kamroq sayohat qilish degani emas; bu o‘ylab sayohat qilish demakdir.
Technology has intensified the problem. Social media can turn a quiet village into a global attraction almost overnight, as visitors rush to recreate a photograph they have seen online. In some cases, tourists spend only a few minutes at a site, long enough to take a picture, before moving on to the next location on their list.
Texnologiya muammoni kuchaytirdi. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar sokin qishloqni deyarli bir kechada dunyo miqyosidagi diqqatga sazovor joyga aylantirishi mumkin, chunki tashrif buyuruvchilar internetda ko‘rgan suratlarini takrorlashga shoshilishadi. Ba’zi hollarda sayyohlar bir joyda bor-yo‘g‘i suratga tushishga yetadigan bir necha daqiqa vaqt o‘tkazib, ro‘yxatidagi keyingi manzilga o‘tib ketishadi.
Cruise ships are a particular source of tension. Thousands of passengers may arrive in a small port at the same time, crowding the streets for a few hours while spending relatively little money, since their meals and accommodation are provided on board. Several Mediterranean cities have now restricted the number or size of ships allowed to dock.
Kruiz kemalari alohida ziddiyat manbai. Minglab yo‘lovchilar bir vaqtning o‘zida kichik portga kelib, bir necha soat ko‘chalarni gavjum qilishi mumkin, ammo nisbatan kam pul sarflashadi, chunki ularning ovqati va yashash joyi kemada ta’minlanadi. Bir qancha O‘rta yer dengizi shaharlari endi to‘xtashga ruxsat berilgan kemalar soni yoki hajmini cheklagan.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the “tourism paradox” described in the essay?
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2 How does overtourism affect local families?
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3 What has Amsterdam done?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Bhutan uses a daily fee to limit visitors.
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2 Tourists inspired by social media usually stay for several days.
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3 Barcelona has introduced an entry fee.
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4 Cruise passengers often spend relatively little money in port.
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5 The writer says responsible tourism means travelling less.
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6 Venice has banned all cruise ships.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.