When Languages Die
Tillar o‘lganda
- L Linguist
Tinglashdan oldin: kalit so‘zlar
Har bir so‘zni bosing, eshiting va ovoz chiqarib takrorlang. Bu so‘zlar audioda uchraydi.
💡 Kontekst haqida o‘ylang: Ma’ruza: dunyo tillarining yo‘qolib borishi va ularni saqlab qolish harakatlari.
Tayyor bo‘lsangiz, tugmani bosing
Matnga qaramasdan to‘liq tinglang. Kim gapiryapti, qayerda va nima haqida? Har bir so‘zni emas, umumiy ma’noni tushunishga harakat qiling. Kerak bo‘lsa, ikki marta tinglang.
Tushundingizmi?
Javobni tanlang. Ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa, pastdagi pleyer orqali qayta tinglang.
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1 What proportion of languages are endangered?
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2 How do languages usually die?
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3 What is the decisive factor for revival?
Matn bilan tinglash
Istalgan gapni bosing — o‘sha joydan ijro etiladi. So‘zlar eshitilgan sari yonib boradi.
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Of the roughly seven thousand languages spoken today, around forty percent are endangered, many with fewer than a thousand speakers.
Bugun so‘zlashiladigan taxminan yetti ming tilning qariyb qirq foizi yo‘qolish xavfi ostida, ularning ko‘pchiligida mingtadan kam so‘zlovchi bor.
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Languages rarely die because speakers suddenly stop. More often, parents decide that a dominant language offers their children better opportunities.
Tillar kamdan-kam hollarda so‘zlovchilar to‘satdan to‘xtagani uchun o‘ladi. Ko‘pincha ota-onalar hukmron til farzandlariga yaxshiroq imkoniyatlar beradi, deb qaror qiladi.
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Within a generation or two, the old language is spoken only by grandparents.
Bir-ikki avlod ichida eski tilda faqat bobo-buvilar gaplashadi.
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Each loss matters, because a language encodes knowledge: names for local plants, ways of describing kinship, even different ways of thinking about time.
Har bir yo‘qotish muhim, chunki til bilimni o‘zida saqlaydi: mahalliy o‘simliklar nomlari, qarindoshlikni tasvirlash usullari, hatto vaqt haqida boshqacha fikrlash yo‘llari.
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Revival is possible, though. Hebrew was brought back as an everyday language, and Welsh has grown thanks to schools teaching in it.
Biroq qayta tiklash mumkin. Ivrit kundalik til sifatida qaytarildi, uels tili esa unda dars beradigan maktablar tufayli o‘sdi.
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The decisive factor is whether children use it at home and in play, not just in the classroom.
Hal qiluvchi omil — bolalar uni faqat sinfda emas, uyda va o‘yinda ishlatishi.
Diktant
Gapni tinglang va eshitganingizni aynan yozing. Katta-kichik harf va tinish belgilari hisobga olinmaydi. Raqamlarni so‘z bilan yozing.
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