The Replication Crisis
Takrorlanuvchanlik inqirozi
- L Lecturer
Tinglashdan oldin: kalit so‘zlar
Har bir so‘zni bosing, eshiting va ovoz chiqarib takrorlang. Bu so‘zlar audioda uchraydi.
💡 Kontekst haqida o‘ylang: Ma’ruza: nega ko‘plab mashhur ilmiy natijalarni qayta tasdiqlab bo‘lmadi.
Tayyor bo‘lsangiz, tugmani bosing
Matnga qaramasdan to‘liq tinglang. Kim gapiryapti, qayerda va nima haqida? Har bir so‘zni emas, umumiy ma’noni tushunishga harakat qiling. Kerak bo‘lsa, ikki marta tinglang.
Tushundingizmi?
Javobni tanlang. Ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa, pastdagi pleyer orqali qayta tinglang.
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1 How many of the 100 studies were successfully replicated?
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2 Why do studies that find nothing “disappear into drawers”?
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3 How does the lecturer view the crisis overall?
Matn bilan tinglash
Istalgan gapni bosing — o‘sha joydan ijro etiladi. So‘zlar eshitilgan sari yonib boradi.
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A fundamental principle of science is that results should be reproducible. If an experiment is repeated carefully, it should produce the same findings.
Ilmning asosiy tamoyillaridan biri — natijalar takrorlanuvchan bo‘lishi kerak. Tajriba ehtiyotkorlik bilan takrorlansa, u bir xil natija berishi lozim.
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In twenty fifteen, a large project attempted to repeat one hundred published psychology studies. Fewer than half produced the same result.
2015-yilda yirik loyiha chop etilgan yuzta psixologik tadqiqotni takrorlashga urindi. Yarmidan kamrog‘i bir xil natija berdi.
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Why? Partly because journals prefer to publish surprising, positive results, so studies that find nothing tend to disappear into drawers.
Nega? Qisman, chunki jurnallar hayratlanarli, ijobiy natijalarni chop etishni afzal ko‘radi, hech narsa topmagan tadqiqotlar esa tortmalarda qolib ketadi.
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Researchers also face pressure to publish frequently, which can encourage small samples and analysing data in several ways until something looks significant.
Tadqiqotchilar tez-tez maqola chop etish bosimiga ham duch keladi, bu kichik namunalar va nimadir ahamiyatli ko‘rinmaguncha ma’lumotlarni turli usullarda tahlil qilishga undashi mumkin.
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The response has been encouraging. Many scientists now pre-register their methods before collecting data, and share their raw data openly.
Javob umidbaxsh bo‘ldi. Ko‘plab olimlar endi ma’lumot to‘plashdan oldin usullarini oldindan ro‘yxatdan o‘tkazadi va xom ma’lumotlarini ochiq baham ko‘radi.
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So the crisis, paradoxically, is a sign that science is doing what it should: correcting itself.
Shunday qilib, inqiroz paradoksal ravishda ilm o‘z vazifasini — o‘zini tuzatishni bajarayotganining belgisi.
Diktant
Gapni tinglang va eshitganingizni aynan yozing. Katta-kichik harf va tinish belgilari hisobga olinmaydi. Raqamlarni so‘z bilan yozing.
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