Small Loans, Big Questions
Kichik kreditlar, katta savollar
- L Lecturer
Tinglashdan oldin: kalit so‘zlar
Har bir so‘zni bosing, eshiting va ovoz chiqarib takrorlang. Bu so‘zlar audioda uchraydi.
💡 Kontekst haqida o‘ylang: Ma’ruza: mikromoliyalashtirish qashshoqlikka qarshi kurashda qanchalik samarali.
Tayyor bo‘lsangiz, tugmani bosing
Matnga qaramasdan to‘liq tinglang. Kim gapiryapti, qayerda va nima haqida? Har bir so‘zni emas, umumiy ma’noni tushunishga harakat qiling. Kerak bo‘lsa, ikki marta tinglang.
Tushundingizmi?
Javobni tanlang. Ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa, pastdagi pleyer orqali qayta tinglang.
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1 What were the early repayment rates?
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2 What did rigorous studies later find?
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3 What is the current consensus?
Matn bilan tinglash
Istalgan gapni bosing — o‘sha joydan ijro etiladi. So‘zlar eshitilgan sari yonib boradi.
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In the nineteen seventies, the economist Muhammad Yunus began lending tiny sums to poor women in Bangladesh who had no access to banks.
1970-yillarda iqtisodchi Muhammad Yunus banklardan foydalana olmaydigan Bangladeshdagi kambag‘al ayollarga juda kichik summalarni qarzga bera boshlagan.
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Remarkably, repayment rates exceeded ninety-five percent, and microfinance was soon hailed as a revolutionary weapon against poverty.
Ajablanarlisi, qaytarish darajasi to‘qson besh foizdan oshdi va mikromoliya tez orada qashshoqlikka qarshi inqilobiy qurol deb e’lon qilindi.
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Yunus received the Nobel Peace Prize in two thousand and six, and the industry expanded to serve well over a hundred million borrowers.
Yunus 2006-yilda Nobel tinchlik mukofotini oldi va soha yuz milliondan ortiq qarz oluvchiga xizmat ko‘rsatadigan darajada kengaydi.
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However, rigorous randomised studies later found more modest effects. Loans helped some existing businesses grow, but on average they didn’t lift households out of poverty.
Biroq keyinroq qat’iy randomizatsiyalangan tadqiqotlar kamtarroq ta’sirni aniqladi. Kreditlar ba’zi mavjud bizneslarning o‘sishiga yordam berdi, lekin o‘rtacha olganda xonadonlarni qashshoqlikdan chiqarmadi.
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In some regions, commercial lenders charged very high interest, and borrowers took new loans to repay old ones.
Ba’zi hududlarda tijorat qarz beruvchilari juda yuqori foiz olishdi va qarz oluvchilar eskisini to‘lash uchun yangi qarz olishdi.
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The current consensus is that access to financial services, including savings and insurance, matters, but credit alone is no silver bullet.
Hozirgi umumiy fikr shuki, moliyaviy xizmatlardan, jumladan jamg‘arma va sug‘urtadan foydalanish muhim, lekin kreditning o‘zi mo‘jizaviy yechim emas.
Diktant
Gapni tinglang va eshitganingizni aynan yozing. Katta-kichik harf va tinish belgilari hisobga olinmaydi. Raqamlarni so‘z bilan yozing.
Natijangiz
- Savollar
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- Diktant
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- Gaplar
- 6
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