The Press That Changed the World
Dunyoni o‘zgartirgan bosma dastgoh
- N Narrator
Tinglashdan oldin: kalit so‘zlar
Har bir so‘zni bosing, eshiting va ovoz chiqarib takrorlang. Bu so‘zlar audioda uchraydi.
💡 Kontekst haqida o‘ylang: Hujjatli hikoya: Gutenberg ixtirosi Yevropa jamiyatini qanday o‘zgartirgani.
Tayyor bo‘lsangiz, tugmani bosing
Matnga qaramasdan to‘liq tinglang. Kim gapiryapti, qayerda va nima haqida? Har bir so‘zni emas, umumiy ma’noni tushunishga harakat qiling. Kerak bo‘lsa, ikki marta tinglang.
Tushundingizmi?
Javobni tanlang. Ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa, pastdagi pleyer orqali qayta tinglang.
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1 How long could copying one Bible by hand take?
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2 How many volumes were printed within fifty years?
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3 What do historians compare the printing press to?
Matn bilan tinglash
Istalgan gapni bosing — o‘sha joydan ijro etiladi. So‘zlar eshitilgan sari yonib boradi.
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Around fourteen fifty, in the German city of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg combined movable metal type, oil-based ink and a modified wine press.
Taxminan 1450-yilda Germaniyaning Maynts shahrida Iogann Gutenberg harakatlanuvchi metall harflar, moyli siyoh va o‘zgartirilgan vino pressini birlashtirdi.
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Before this, books were copied by hand, and a single Bible could take a scribe over a year.
Bungacha kitoblar qo‘lda ko‘chirilgan va bitta Injilni ko‘chirish uchun kotibga bir yildan ko‘proq vaqt ketishi mumkin edi.
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Within fifty years, an estimated twenty million volumes had been printed across Europe.
Ellik yil ichida Yevropa bo‘ylab taxminan yigirma million jild bosilgan edi.
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The consequences went far beyond books. Standardised texts allowed scientists to build reliably on each other’s work.
Oqibatlari kitoblardan ancha nariga o‘tdi. Standartlashtirilgan matnlar olimlarga bir-birining ishiga ishonchli tayanish imkonini berdi.
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When Martin Luther published his criticisms of the Church in fifteen seventeen, printed pamphlets spread his ideas across Germany in weeks, something no earlier reformer could have achieved.
Martin Lyuter 1517-yilda cherkovni tanqid qilgan asarlarini nashr etganda, bosma risolalar uning g‘oyalarini bir necha haftada Germaniya bo‘ylab tarqatdi, bunga avvalgi biror islohotchi erisha olmagan.
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Historians often compare that moment to the arrival of the internet: a sudden collapse in the cost of sharing information, with both liberating and destabilising effects.
Tarixchilar ko‘pincha o‘sha lahzani internetning paydo bo‘lishiga qiyoslaydi: axborot almashish narxining keskin tushishi, ham ozod qiluvchi, ham beqarorlashtiruvchi ta’sirlar bilan.
Diktant
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