Universal Basic Income
Umumiy asosiy daromad
- E Economist
- P Politician
Tinglashdan oldin: kalit so‘zlar
Har bir so‘zni bosing, eshiting va ovoz chiqarib takrorlang. Bu so‘zlar audioda uchraydi.
💡 Kontekst haqida o‘ylang: Iqtisodchi va siyosatchi har bir fuqaroga shartsiz to‘lov g‘oyasini muhokama qiladi.
Tayyor bo‘lsangiz, tugmani bosing
Matnga qaramasdan to‘liq tinglang. Kim gapiryapti, qayerda va nima haqida? Har bir so‘zni emas, umumiy ma’noni tushunishga harakat qiling. Kerak bo‘lsa, ikki marta tinglang.
Tushundingizmi?
Javobni tanlang. Ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa, pastdagi pleyer orqali qayta tinglang.
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1 What is the politician’s first objection?
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2 What did the Finnish trial suggest?
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3 Why does the politician doubt the trial results?
Matn bilan tinglash
Istalgan gapni bosing — o‘sha joydan ijro etiladi. So‘zlar eshitilgan sari yonib boradi.
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Economist
The idea is simple: every adult receives a regular payment from the state, with no conditions attached, regardless of whether they work.
G‘oya oddiy: har bir katta yoshli fuqaro, ishlash-ishlamasligidan qat’i nazar, davlatdan hech qanday shartsiz muntazam to‘lov oladi.
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Politician
My objection is the cost. Paying every adult enough to live on would require enormous tax increases.
Mening e’tirozim — narxi. Har bir kattaga yashash uchun yetarli pul to‘lash ulkan soliq oshirishni talab qiladi.
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Economist
Some of that cost would be offset by replacing existing benefits and the bureaucracy that administers them.
Bu xarajatning bir qismi mavjud nafaqalar va ularni boshqaruvchi byurokratiyani almashtirish hisobiga qoplanadi.
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Politician
But wouldn’t people simply stop working?
Lekin odamlar shunchaki ishlashni to‘xtatmaydimi?
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Economist
The evidence from trials, in Finland for instance, suggests not. Employment barely changed, but recipients reported significantly less stress and better health.
Sinovlar dalillari, masalan Finlandiyada, bunday emasligini ko‘rsatadi. Bandlik deyarli o‘zgarmadi, lekin oluvchilar stress sezilarli kamayganini va sog‘lig‘i yaxshilanganini aytishdi.
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Politician
Those were small, temporary trials. People behave differently when they know the money is permanent.
Bular kichik, vaqtinchalik sinovlar edi. Pul doimiy ekanini bilganda odamlar o‘zini boshqacha tutadi.
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Economist
That’s a legitimate point, and it’s exactly why we need a larger, longer experiment before drawing conclusions.
Bu asosli fikr va aynan shuning uchun xulosa chiqarishdan oldin kattaroq, uzoqroq tajriba kerak.
Diktant
Gapni tinglang va eshitganingizni aynan yozing. Katta-kichik harf va tinish belgilari hisobga olinmaydi. Raqamlarni so‘z bilan yozing.
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