How Clever Are Dolphins?
Delfinlar qanchalik aqlli?
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Delfinlarning aql-zakovati va o‘zaro muloqoti haqida maqola.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Many people think dolphins are some of the cleverest animals in the world, and scientists agree. A dolphin’s brain is large for the size of its body, much like a human’s. Dolphins can learn quickly, solve problems and remember things for a very long time.
Ko‘p odamlar delfinlarni dunyodagi eng aqlli hayvonlardan biri deb o‘ylashadi va olimlar bunga qo‘shilishadi. Delfinning miyasi tanasining kattaligiga nisbatan katta, xuddi insonnikiga o‘xshab. Delfinlar tez o‘rganadi, muammolarni hal qiladi va narsalarni juda uzoq vaqt eslab qoladi.
Dolphins live in groups called pods. A pod can have just a few dolphins or more than a hundred. They swim, hunt and play together. When a dolphin is ill or hurt, the others often help it. They sometimes push it up to the surface of the water so that it can breathe.
Delfinlar “pod” deb ataladigan guruhlarda yashaydi. Bitta guruhda bir nechta yoki yuztadan ortiq delfin bo‘lishi mumkin. Ular birga suzishadi, ov qilishadi va o‘ynashadi. Bir delfin kasal yoki jarohatlangan bo‘lsa, boshqalari ko‘pincha unga yordam berishadi. Ular ba’zan nafas olishi uchun uni suv yuzasiga ko‘tarib turishadi.
Dolphins “talk” to each other with clicks and whistles. Each dolphin has its own special whistle, which works like a name. Scientists in Scotland found that when they played the whistle of one dolphin, that dolphin answered, but the others didn’t. So dolphins can call each other by “name”.
Delfinlar bir-biri bilan chiqillash va hushtaklar orqali “gaplashadi”. Har bir delfinning o‘ziga xos hushtagi bor va u ism kabi ishlaydi. Shotlandiyadagi olimlar bir delfinning hushtagini qo‘yib eshittirganda, o‘sha delfin javob berganini, boshqalari esa javob bermaganini aniqlashdi. Demak, delfinlar bir-birini “ismi” bilan chaqira oladi.
Clicks are also useful for finding food. A dolphin sends out clicks, and the sound comes back when it hits a fish. In this way, the dolphin knows where the fish is, even in dark or dirty water. This is called echolocation. Bats use the same method to fly at night.
Chiqillashlar ovqat topish uchun ham foydali. Delfin chiqillash tovushlarini chiqaradi va tovush baliqqa urilganda qaytib keladi. Shu tarzda delfin, hatto qorong‘i yoki iflos suvda ham, baliq qayerdaligini biladi. Bu exolokatsiya deb ataladi. Ko‘rshapalaklar ham kechasi uchish uchun xuddi shu usuldan foydalanadi.
Some dolphins even use tools. In Shark Bay, Australia, some dolphins put pieces of sea sponge on their noses. The sponge protects their noses when they look for food on the rocky sea floor. Young dolphins learn this from their mothers, so it is like a family tradition.
Ba’zi delfinlar hatto asboblardan ham foydalanadi. Avstraliyaning Shark Bay ko‘rfazida ba’zi delfinlar tumshuqlariga dengiz gubkasi bo‘laklarini kiyib olishadi. Gubka toshloq dengiz tubida ovqat qidirayotganda tumshuqlarini himoya qiladi. Yosh delfinlar buni onalaridan o‘rganadi, shuning uchun bu oilaviy an’anaga o‘xshaydi.
Sadly, dolphins face many dangers today. Fishing nets, plastic in the sea and noise from ships are serious problems for them. Many countries now have laws to protect dolphins, but there is still a lot of work to do. If we want our children to see these clever animals, we need to take better care of the oceans.
Afsuski, bugungi kunda delfinlar ko‘plab xavflarga duch kelmoqda. Baliq ovlash to‘rlari, dengizdagi plastik va kemalardan chiqadigan shovqin ular uchun jiddiy muammolardir. Hozir ko‘plab mamlakatlarda delfinlarni himoya qiluvchi qonunlar bor, lekin hali ko‘p ish qilish kerak. Agar farzandlarimiz bu aqlli hayvonlarni ko‘rishini istasak, okeanlarga yaxshiroq g‘amxo‘rlik qilishimiz kerak.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the article mainly about?
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2 What do dolphins in a pod do when one of them is hurt?
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3 What did scientists in Scotland find?
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4 Why do some dolphins use sea sponges?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Bats also use echolocation.
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2 All dolphins in Australia use sponges.
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3 A pod always has fewer than twenty dolphins.
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4 No countries have laws to protect dolphins.
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5 Dolphins are more intelligent than chimpanzees.
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6 Dolphins can only find fish in clean water.
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7 Every dolphin has its own whistle.
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8 A dolphin’s brain is large for its body size.
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9 Dolphins can live for more than fifty years.
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10 Young dolphins learn to use sponges from their mothers.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.