Are Electric Cars the Answer?
Elektromobillar yechimmi?
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Elektromobillarning afzalliklari va muammolari haqida maqola.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Ten years ago, electric cars were rare and expensive, and many people thought of them as toys for rich technology fans. Today, they are a common sight on the roads of many cities, including Tashkent. In 2024, around one in five new cars sold worldwide was electric. Governments and car companies say electric vehicles are an important part of the fight against climate change. But are they really as green as they seem?
O‘n yil oldin elektromobillar kam uchraydigan va qimmat edi, ko‘pchilik ularni boy texnologiya ishqibozlari uchun o‘yinchoq deb hisoblardi. Bugun ular ko‘plab shaharlar, jumladan Toshkent yo‘llarida ham odatiy ko‘rinishga aylangan. 2024-yilda dunyo bo‘yicha sotilgan har beshta yangi avtomobildan biri elektr avtomobil edi. Hukumatlar va avtomobil kompaniyalari elektr transport vositalari iqlim o‘zgarishiga qarshi kurashning muhim qismi ekanini aytishadi. Lekin ular haqiqatan ham ko‘ringanidek ekologik toza mi?
The main advantage of electric cars is clear: they produce no exhaust gases while driving. Traditional cars burn petrol or diesel, which releases carbon dioxide and other harmful gases into the air. In big cities, this pollution is a serious health problem, causing breathing difficulties and heart disease. Electric cars are also much quieter, which reduces noise in busy streets.
Elektromobillarning asosiy afzalligi aniq: ular harakatlanayotganda chiqindi gaz chiqarmaydi. An’anaviy avtomobillar benzin yoki dizel yoqadi, bu esa havoga karbonat angidrid va boshqa zararli gazlarni chiqaradi. Katta shaharlarda bu ifloslanish jiddiy sog‘liq muammosi bo‘lib, nafas olish qiyinchiliklari va yurak kasalliklariga sabab bo‘ladi. Elektromobillar ancha jimroq ham, bu esa gavjum ko‘chalardagi shovqinni kamaytiradi.
They can also be cheaper to run. Electricity usually costs less than petrol, and electric cars have fewer moving parts, so they need less maintenance. There is no need to change the oil, for example. Some drivers in Uzbekistan say they spend about a quarter of what they used to spend on fuel. In addition, many countries offer lower taxes or free parking for electric vehicles.
Ularni ishlatish arzonroq ham bo‘lishi mumkin. Elektr energiyasi odatda benzindan arzonroq turadi va elektromobillarda harakatlanuvchi qismlar kamroq, shuning uchun ularga kamroq texnik xizmat kerak. Masalan, moy almashtirishning hojati yo‘q. O‘zbekistondagi ba’zi haydovchilar ilgari yoqilg‘iga sarflaganining taxminan to‘rtdan bir qismini sarflashlarini aytishadi. Bundan tashqari, ko‘plab mamlakatlar elektr transport vositalari uchun past soliqlar yoki bepul to‘xtash joylarini taklif qiladi.
However, critics point out several problems. The first is the battery. Electric car batteries need metals such as lithium, cobalt and nickel, which are taken from mines. Mining can damage the environment, use huge amounts of water and, in some countries, involve poor working conditions. Making an electric car actually produces more carbon dioxide than making a petrol car, mainly because of the battery.
Biroq tanqidchilar bir qancha muammolarni ko‘rsatishadi. Birinchisi — batareya. Elektromobil batareyalari uchun litiy, kobalt va nikel kabi metallar kerak bo‘lib, ular konlardan qazib olinadi. Kon qazish atrof-muhitga zarar yetkazishi, juda ko‘p suv sarflashi va ba’zi mamlakatlarda yomon mehnat sharoitlari bilan bog‘liq bo‘lishi mumkin. Elektromobil ishlab chiqarish aslida benzinli avtomobil ishlab chiqarishdan ko‘ra ko‘proq karbonat angidrid chiqaradi, asosan batareya tufayli.
The second problem is where the electricity comes from. If a country produces most of its electricity by burning coal or gas, then electric cars are still responsible for pollution; it simply happens at the power station instead of on the street. Even so, most studies show that over its whole life, an electric car usually produces less carbon dioxide than a petrol car, and the difference grows as countries use more solar and wind power.
Ikkinchi muammo — elektr energiyasi qayerdan kelishi. Agar mamlakat elektr energiyasining ko‘p qismini ko‘mir yoki gaz yoqib ishlab chiqarsa, elektromobillar baribir ifloslanishga sababchi bo‘ladi; bu shunchaki ko‘chada emas, elektr stansiyasida sodir bo‘ladi. Shunday bo‘lsa-da, aksariyat tadqiqotlar elektromobil butun umri davomida odatda benzinli avtomobilga qaraganda kamroq karbonat angidrid chiqarishini ko‘rsatadi va mamlakatlar ko‘proq quyosh va shamol energiyasidan foydalangan sari bu farq oshib boradi.
For many drivers, though, the biggest worry is more practical: charging. Charging a car at home can take eight hours or more, and fast-charging stations are still not available everywhere, especially outside big cities. Drivers planning a long journey, for example from Tashkent to Khiva, need to plan carefully where they will stop. Batteries also lose some of their power in very cold or very hot weather.
Biroq ko‘plab haydovchilar uchun eng katta xavotir amaliyroq: quvvatlash. Avtomobilni uyda quvvatlash sakkiz soat yoki undan ko‘proq vaqt olishi mumkin, tez quvvatlash stansiyalari esa hali hamma joyda, ayniqsa katta shaharlardan tashqarida mavjud emas. Masalan, Toshkentdan Xivaga uzoq safarni rejalashtirgan haydovchilar qayerda to‘xtashlarini puxta rejalashtirishlari kerak. Batareyalar juda sovuq yoki juda issiq havoda ham quvvatining bir qismini yo‘qotadi.
So, are electric cars the answer? Most experts say they are part of the answer, but not the whole answer. Cities also need better public transport, safe cycle lanes and streets where people can walk. After all, the greenest journey is the one that doesn’t need a car at all.
Xo‘sh, elektromobillar yechimmi? Aksariyat mutaxassislar ular yechimning bir qismi, lekin to‘liq yechim emas, deyishadi. Shaharlarga yaxshiroq jamoat transporti, xavfsiz velosiped yo‘laklari va odamlar piyoda yura oladigan ko‘chalar ham kerak. Axir eng ekologik toza safar umuman mashina talab qilmaydigan safardir.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the writer’s main point?
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2 Why are electric cars cheaper to run?
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3 Why does making an electric car produce more carbon dioxide?
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4 What is the biggest worry for many drivers?
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5 According to the writer, what is the greenest journey?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Mining for battery metals can use a lot of water.
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2 Very hot weather can affect battery power.
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3 Electric cars were expensive ten years ago.
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4 Electric cars need their oil changed regularly.
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5 Electric cars will be the only cars allowed in Tashkent by 2030.
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6 Fast-charging stations are available everywhere outside cities.
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7 Over its whole life, an electric car usually produces less carbon dioxide than a petrol car.
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8 Half of all new cars sold in 2024 were electric.
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9 Electric cars are more dangerous in accidents.
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10 Uzbekistan produces most of its electricity from coal.
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11 Electric cars produce no exhaust gases while driving.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.