In Praise of Failure
Muvaffaqiyatsizlik madhi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Muvaffaqiyatsizlik o‘rganish va ixtiro uchun nega zarur.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
We live in a culture that celebrates success and hides failure. Social media profiles show promotions and prizes, not rejected applications. Schools reward correct answers and penalise mistakes. As a result, many people grow up terrified of failing, and so they avoid taking risks at all.
Biz muvaffaqiyatni ulug‘lab, muvaffaqiyatsizlikni yashiradigan madaniyatda yashaymiz. Ijtimoiy tarmoq profillarida rad etilgan arizalar emas, lavozim ko‘tarilishlari va mukofotlar ko‘rsatiladi. Maktablar to‘g‘ri javoblarni rag‘batlantirib, xatolarni jazolaydi. Natijada ko‘p odamlar muvaffaqiyatsizlikdan qo‘rqib ulg‘ayadi va shuning uchun umuman tavakkal qilishdan qochadi.
Yet almost every significant achievement is built on a foundation of failure. Thomas Edison tested thousands of materials before finding one that worked in his light bulb. J.K. Rowling’s first Harry Potter manuscript was rejected by twelve publishers. James Dyson built over five thousand prototypes of his vacuum cleaner.
Biroq deyarli har bir muhim yutuq muvaffaqiyatsizlik poydevoriga qurilgan. Tomas Edison lampochkasida ishlaydigan materialni topgunicha minglab materiallarni sinab ko‘rgan. J.K. Roulingning birinchi Garri Potter qo‘lyozmasini o‘n ikki nashriyot rad etgan. Jeyms Dayson changyutgichining besh mingdan ortiq prototipini yasagan.
Psychologists distinguish between a “fixed mindset”, in which failure is seen as proof of limited ability, and a “growth mindset”, in which it is seen as information. People with a growth mindset ask “What can I learn from this?” rather than “What does this say about me?”, and they tend to persist longer and achieve more.
Psixologlar “qotib qolgan tafakkur” — muvaffaqiyatsizlikni cheklangan qobiliyat isboti deb ko‘rish va “o‘suvchi tafakkur” — uni ma’lumot deb ko‘rishni farqlaydi. O‘suvchi tafakkurga ega odamlar “Bu men haqimda nima deydi?” o‘rniga “Bundan nimani o‘rganishim mumkin?” deb so‘raydi va ular uzoqroq qat’iyat ko‘rsatib, ko‘proq narsaga erishadi.
None of this means that failure is pleasant, or that we should seek it out. But if we want to learn and create, we must accept it as the price of trying. The only way to guarantee you never fail is to never attempt anything worthwhile.
Bularning hech biri muvaffaqiyatsizlik yoqimli yoki uni izlash kerak degani emas. Lekin o‘rganish va yaratishni istasak, uni urinishning narxi sifatida qabul qilishimiz kerak. Hech qachon muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchramaslikni kafolatlashning yagona yo‘li — hech qachon arziydigan biror narsaga urinmaslikdir.
Some organisations have begun to institutionalise this lesson. Certain technology companies hold “failure meetings” where teams openly discuss projects that did not work and what they learned. In medicine and aviation, systems for reporting errors without blame have significantly improved safety, because people are more willing to admit mistakes when they will not be punished.
Ba’zi tashkilotlar bu saboqni tizimga aylantira boshladi. Ayrim texnologiya kompaniyalari jamoalar ishlamay qolgan loyihalar va ulardan nima o‘rganilganini ochiq muhokama qiladigan “muvaffaqiyatsizlik yig‘ilishlari” o‘tkazadi. Tibbiyot va aviatsiyada xatolar haqida ayblovsiz xabar berish tizimlari xavfsizlikni sezilarli darajada oshirdi, chunki odamlar jazolanmasligini bilsalar, xatolarini tan olishga tayyorroq bo‘ladi.
Parents and teachers have an important role too. Research suggests that praising children for effort and strategy, rather than for being “clever”, makes them more willing to tackle difficult problems. Children praised for intelligence often avoid challenges, because failure would threaten the label they have been given.
Ota-onalar va o‘qituvchilarning ham muhim roli bor. Tadqiqotlar bolalarni “aqlli” bo‘lgani uchun emas, balki harakati va strategiyasi uchun maqtash ularni qiyin masalalarni yechishga tayyorroq qilishini ko‘rsatadi. Aqli uchun maqtalgan bolalar ko‘pincha qiyinchiliklardan qochadi, chunki muvaffaqiyatsizlik ularga berilgan yorliqqa tahdid soladi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the writer’s main argument?
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2 Why does the writer mention Edison, Rowling and Dyson?
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3 How do people with a growth mindset view failure?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Children praised for being clever seek out more challenges.
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2 Edison was a poor student at school.
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3 Blame-free error reporting has improved safety in aviation.
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4 The writer says we should actively seek out failure.
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5 Failure meetings are common in schools.
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6 Twelve publishers rejected Rowling’s first manuscript.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.