The Loneliness Epidemic
Yolg‘izlik epidemiyasi
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Yolg‘izlikning sog‘liqqa ta’siri, sabablari va jamiyat bunga qanday javob bermoqda.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
In 2018, the United Kingdom appointed a minister for loneliness, a decision that some initially mocked. Yet the evidence behind it is sobering. Large studies have associated chronic loneliness with a risk of premature death comparable to that of smoking fifteen cigarettes a day, and with increased rates of heart disease, depression and dementia.
2018-yilda Buyuk Britaniya yolg‘izlik bo‘yicha vazir tayinladi, bu qaror ustidan dastlab ba’zilar kulishdi. Biroq uning ortidagi dalillar jiddiy o‘ylantiradi. Yirik tadqiqotlar surunkali yolg‘izlikni kuniga o‘n besh dona sigaret chekish bilan taqqoslanadigan muddatidan oldin o‘lim xavfi hamda yurak kasalliklari, depressiya va demensiya darajasining oshishi bilan bog‘lagan.
It is important to distinguish loneliness from solitude. Loneliness is the subjective distress caused by a gap between the social connection one has and the connection one wants. A person can be surrounded by others and feel profoundly lonely, while someone who lives alone may feel entirely content.
Yolg‘izlikni yolg‘iz qolishdan farqlash muhim. Yolg‘izlik — insonning mavjud ijtimoiy aloqalari bilan istagan aloqalari orasidagi tafovut keltirib chiqaradigan sub’ektiv iztirob. Inson boshqalar qurshovida bo‘lib ham chuqur yolg‘izlikni his qilishi mumkin, yolg‘iz yashaydigan kishi esa o‘zini to‘liq mamnun his qilishi mumkin.
Several social trends appear to contribute. More people live alone than ever before, families are more geographically dispersed, and participation in community institutions such as religious congregations and clubs has declined in many countries. The role of digital technology is contested: online interaction can sustain relationships across distance, but it may also displace the face-to-face contact that seems most protective.
Bir qancha ijtimoiy tendensiyalar hissa qo‘shayotganga o‘xshaydi. Ilgari hech qachon bo‘lmaganidek ko‘p odam yolg‘iz yashaydi, oilalar geografik jihatdan tarqoqroq, ko‘plab mamlakatlarda diniy jamoalar va klublar kabi jamoat institutlarida ishtirok kamaygan. Raqamli texnologiyalarning roli bahsli: onlayn muloqot masofa bo‘ylab munosabatlarni saqlashi mumkin, lekin u eng himoyalovchi ko‘ringan yuzma-yuz aloqani siqib chiqarishi ham mumkin.
Interestingly, surveys suggest that young adults now report loneliness at least as often as the elderly. Interventions that appear effective include “social prescribing”, in which doctors refer patients to community activities rather than medication, and intergenerational programmes that bring together older and younger people. Societies like those of Central Asia, where the mahalla traditionally ensures that neighbours know and support one another, may hold valuable lessons.
Qizig‘i shundaki, so‘rovnomalar yosh kattalar endi yolg‘izlikni kamida keksalar kabi tez-tez qayd etishini ko‘rsatadi. Samarali ko‘rinadigan aralashuvlarga shifokorlar bemorlarni dori o‘rniga jamoat tadbirlariga yo‘naltiradigan “ijtimoiy retsept” va keksa hamda yosh avlodni birlashtiradigan avlodlararo dasturlar kiradi. An’anaviy ravishda mahalla qo‘shnilarning bir-birini tanishi va qo‘llab-quvvatlashini ta’minlaydigan Markaziy Osiyo kabi jamiyatlar qimmatli saboqlarga ega bo‘lishi mumkin.
Loneliness also has economic costs. Lonely employees tend to take more sick days and change jobs more often, and lonely older people make greater use of health services. Some estimates put the annual cost to employers in large economies in the billions of dollars, which helps explain why governments now treat it as a public health issue rather than a purely private matter.
Yolg‘izlikning iqtisodiy xarajatlari ham bor. Yolg‘iz xodimlar ko‘proq kasallik kunlarini olishga va ishni tez-tez almashtirishga moyil, yolg‘iz keksalar esa sog‘liqni saqlash xizmatlaridan ko‘proq foydalanadi. Ba’zi hisob-kitoblarga ko‘ra, yirik iqtisodiyotlarda ish beruvchilar uchun yillik xarajat milliardlab dollarni tashkil qiladi, bu esa nega hukumatlar endi uni sof shaxsiy masala emas, balki jamoat salomatligi masalasi sifatida ko‘rishini tushuntirishga yordam beradi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
-
Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the article mainly about?
-
2 How does the article distinguish loneliness from solitude?
-
3 What is “social prescribing”?
-
4 Why does the writer mention the mahalla?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
-
1 Governments see loneliness as a purely private matter.
-
2 Loneliness is more common in villages than in cities.
-
3 The article says digital technology definitely causes loneliness.
-
4 Lonely employees take more sick days.
-
5 Young adults report loneliness at least as often as older people.
-
6 Japan has also appointed a minister for loneliness.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.
Natijangiz
- Tushunish
- —
- So‘zlar
- —
- Tezlik
- —