Quiet Strength: Introverts in a Loud World
Sokin kuch: shovqinli dunyodagi introvertlar
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Introvertlar kimligi, ularning kuchli tomonlari va zamonaviy jamiyat ularni qanday baholashi haqida.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Modern society often seems designed for extroverts. Schools reward students who speak up in class, offices are increasingly open-plan, and job adverts regularly ask for “outgoing” and “dynamic” candidates. Yet psychologists estimate that between a third and a half of the population are introverts. For these people, a world that values constant talking, networking and group work can be exhausting, and their particular strengths are often overlooked.
Zamonaviy jamiyat ko‘pincha ekstrovertlar uchun yaratilganga o‘xshaydi. Maktablar darsda faol gapiradigan o‘quvchilarni rag‘batlantiradi, ofislar tobora ochiq rejalashtirilmoqda va ish e’lonlari muntazam ravishda “kirishimli” va “g‘ayratli” nomzodlarni talab qiladi. Biroq psixologlarning hisob-kitobiga ko‘ra, aholining uchdan biridan yarmigacha qismi introvertlardir. Bu odamlar uchun doimiy gapirish, aloqalar o‘rnatish va guruhda ishlashni qadrlaydigan dunyo charchatuvchi bo‘lishi mumkin va ularning o‘ziga xos kuchli tomonlari ko‘pincha e’tibordan chetda qoladi.
It is important to understand what introversion actually is, because it is frequently confused with shyness. Shyness is a fear of being judged by others, and it can be painful. Introversion, on the other hand, is about where people get their energy. Extroverts tend to feel energised by social activity and can become restless when they are alone for too long. Introverts, by contrast, often enjoy other people’s company but find that large groups and noisy environments drain their energy, which they recover by spending time alone. Many introverts are not shy at all, and some shy people are actually extroverts.
Introversiya aslida nima ekanini tushunish muhim, chunki u ko‘pincha uyatchanlik bilan adashtiriladi. Uyatchanlik — boshqalar tomonidan baholanishdan qo‘rqish va u og‘riqli bo‘lishi mumkin. Introversiya esa odamlar energiyani qayerdan olishiga bog‘liq. Ekstrovertlar ijtimoiy faoliyatdan quvvat olishga moyil va uzoq vaqt yolg‘iz qolganda bezovtalanishi mumkin. Introvertlar esa, aksincha, ko‘pincha boshqalarning davrasidan zavqlanishadi, lekin katta guruhlar va shovqinli muhit energiyasini so‘rib olishini sezishadi va uni yolg‘iz vaqt o‘tkazib tiklashadi. Ko‘plab introvertlar umuman uyatchan emas, ba’zi uyatchan odamlar esa aslida ekstrovertlardir.
Research suggests that these differences may have a biological basis. In a famous series of experiments, the psychologist Jerome Kagan found that babies who reacted strongly to new sights, sounds and smells were more likely to grow up to be quiet, careful teenagers. Other studies have found differences in how introverts’ and extroverts’ brains respond to rewards, which may explain why extroverts are more attracted to exciting, high-energy situations.
Tadqiqotlar bu farqlarning biologik asosi bo‘lishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatadi. Mashhur bir qator tajribalarda psixolog Jerom Kagan yangi ko‘rinishlar, tovushlar va hidlarga kuchli munosabat bildirgan chaqaloqlar ulg‘ayib, sokin va ehtiyotkor o‘smirlarga aylanish ehtimoli yuqoriroq ekanini aniqlagan. Boshqa tadqiqotlar introvert va ekstrovertlarning miyasi mukofotlarga qanday javob berishida farqlar borligini aniqlagan, bu esa ekstrovertlar nega hayajonli, yuqori energiyali vaziyatlarga ko‘proq tortilishini tushuntirishi mumkin.
Introverts bring valuable qualities to work and relationships. They tend to think carefully before they speak, listen closely and focus deeply on a single task for long periods. Several studies of leadership have found that introverted managers can be particularly effective when leading teams of proactive employees, because they are more willing to listen to and act on other people’s ideas. Some of history’s most influential figures, from the scientist Isaac Newton to the civil rights activist Rosa Parks, have been described as introverts.
Introvertlar ish va munosabatlarga qimmatli fazilatlar olib kiradi. Ular gapirishdan oldin puxta o‘ylashga, diqqat bilan tinglashga va uzoq vaqt bitta vazifaga chuqur e’tibor qaratishga moyil. Yetakchilik bo‘yicha bir nechta tadqiqot introvert rahbarlar tashabbuskor xodimlar jamoasini boshqarishda ayniqsa samarali bo‘lishi mumkinligini aniqlagan, chunki ular boshqalarning g‘oyalarini tinglashga va ularga amal qilishga ko‘proq tayyor. Olim Isaak Nyutondan fuqarolik huquqlari faoli Roza Parksgacha tarixning eng nufuzli shaxslaridan ba’zilari introvert sifatida tasvirlangan.
Despite this, introverts often feel pressure to behave like extroverts. The writer Susan Cain, whose book “Quiet” became an international bestseller, argues that this is a waste of talent. She points out that the fashion for group brainstorming, for instance, is not supported by the evidence: people working alone often produce more and better ideas than groups, partly because in groups the loudest voices tend to dominate, not necessarily the best ones.
Shunga qaramay, introvertlar ko‘pincha o‘zini ekstrovertlardek tutishga bosim his qilishadi. “Sokin” kitobi xalqaro bestsellerga aylangan yozuvchi Syuzan Keyn bu iste’dodni isrof qilish ekanini ta’kidlaydi. U, masalan, guruhda aqliy hujum o‘tkazish modasi dalillar bilan tasdiqlanmaganini ko‘rsatadi: yolg‘iz ishlaydigan odamlar ko‘pincha guruhlardan ko‘ra ko‘proq va yaxshiroq g‘oyalar beradi, qisman guruhlarda eng yaxshi emas, eng baland ovozlar ustunlik qilishga moyil bo‘lgani uchun.
This does not mean that introverts should avoid social situations or that extroverts are somehow less valuable. Most people, in fact, are not purely one or the other but fall somewhere in between; psychologists sometimes call these people “ambiverts”. The point is rather that organisations and schools would benefit from creating environments that suit different personalities: quiet spaces as well as meeting rooms, time for individual reflection as well as group discussion.
Bu introvertlar ijtimoiy vaziyatlardan qochishi kerak yoki ekstrovertlar qandaydir kamroq qimmatli degani emas. Aslida, ko‘pchilik odamlar sof holda u yoki bu emas, balki ikkalasi o‘rtasida joylashadi; psixologlar ba’zan bunday odamlarni “ambivertlar” deb atashadi. Gap shundaki, tashkilotlar va maktablar turli shaxslarga mos muhit yaratishdan foyda ko‘radi: yig‘ilish xonalari bilan bir qatorda sokin joylar, guruh muhokamasi bilan bir qatorda individual mulohaza uchun vaqt.
For introverts themselves, the advice from experts is to understand and respect their own needs. It is perfectly possible for an introvert to give an excellent presentation or enjoy a party, but it helps to plan time to recharge afterwards. As Cain puts it, the secret is not to change who you are, but to find the situations in which your nature can be a strength.
Introvertlarning o‘zlariga esa mutaxassislar o‘z ehtiyojlarini tushunish va hurmat qilishni maslahat berishadi. Introvert a’lo taqdimot qilishi yoki ziyofatdan zavqlanishi mutlaqo mumkin, lekin keyin quvvat to‘plash uchun vaqt rejalashtirish yordam beradi. Keyn ta’biri bilan aytganda, sir kimligingizni o‘zgartirishda emas, balki tabiatingiz kuchga aylanadigan vaziyatlarni topishdadir.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
-
Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the main argument of the article?
-
2 How is introversion different from shyness?
-
3 What did Jerome Kagan find?
-
4 Why can introverted managers be effective?
-
5 What does Susan Cain say about group brainstorming?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
-
1 In groups, the loudest voices may dominate.
-
2 Some job adverts ask for “outgoing” candidates.
-
3 The article says that Isaac Newton was an extrovert.
-
4 Jerome Kagan was an introvert himself.
-
5 Most people are somewhere between introvert and extrovert.
-
6 Introverts can give excellent presentations.
-
7 Open-plan offices make workers less productive.
-
8 Some shy people are extroverts.
-
9 The writer believes extroverts are less valuable than introverts.
-
10 Fewer than ten percent of people are introverts.
-
11 Susan Cain’s book was translated into forty languages.
-
12 Introverts can enjoy other people’s company.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.