Living at the Bottom of the World
Dunyoning eng chekkasida yashash
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Antarktidadagi ilmiy stansiyalarda hayot qanday kechishi haqida.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Antarctica is the coldest, windiest and driest continent on Earth. In winter, temperatures can fall below minus sixty degrees Celsius, and the lowest temperature ever recorded there was minus eighty-nine. Nobody lives in Antarctica permanently. Yet every year, around five thousand people from more than thirty countries live and work there, most of them scientists and the staff who support them.
Antarktida Yerdagi eng sovuq, eng shamolli va eng quruq qit’a. Qishda harorat Selsiy bo‘yicha minus oltmish darajadan pastga tushishi mumkin, u yerda qayd etilgan eng past harorat esa minus sakson to‘qqiz daraja bo‘lgan. Antarktidada hech kim doimiy yashamaydi. Shunga qaramay, har yili o‘ttizdan ortiq mamlakatdan taxminan besh ming kishi u yerda yashaydi va ishlaydi, ularning aksariyati olimlar va ularga xizmat ko‘rsatuvchi xodimlardir.
They live in research stations, which are a bit like small villages. The largest, McMurdo Station, which belongs to the United States, can hold more than a thousand people in summer. It has a hospital, a fire station, shops and even a church. Other stations are much smaller, with fewer than twenty people living together in a few connected buildings for months at a time.
Ular tadqiqot stansiyalarida yashashadi, bular biroz kichik qishloqlarga o‘xshaydi. AQShga tegishli eng kattasi — Makmerdo stansiyasi yozda mingdan ortiq kishini sig‘dira oladi. Unda kasalxona, o‘t o‘chirish bo‘limi, do‘konlar va hatto cherkov ham bor. Boshqa stansiyalar ancha kichik bo‘lib, ularda yigirmatagacha kishi bir necha oy davomida bir-biriga ulangan bir nechta binoda birga yashaydi.
Why do scientists go to such an extreme place? Antarctica is like a natural laboratory. Its ice, which is up to four kilometres thick in some places, contains tiny bubbles of air that are hundreds of thousands of years old. By studying this ancient air, scientists can learn how the Earth’s climate has changed over time. The clear, dry air also makes Antarctica one of the best places in the world to study the stars.
Nega olimlar bunday ekstremal joyga borishadi? Antarktida tabiiy laboratoriyaga o‘xshaydi. Ba’zi joylarda qalinligi to‘rt kilometrgacha bo‘lgan uning muzida yuz minglab yillik havoning mitti pufakchalari bor. Bu qadimiy havoni o‘rganib, olimlar Yer iqlimi vaqt o‘tishi bilan qanday o‘zgarganini bilib olishlari mumkin. Toza, quruq havo ham Antarktidani dunyodagi yulduzlarni o‘rganish uchun eng yaxshi joylardan biriga aylantiradi.
Daily life follows strict rules. Water is precious, because it has to be made by melting snow or cleaning seawater, so showers are often limited to two minutes, twice a week. All rubbish must be sorted and sent back to the countries that brought it, to protect the environment. And nobody goes outside alone. Even a short walk between buildings can be dangerous if a storm arrives suddenly, so people must always say where they are going.
Kundalik hayot qat’iy qoidalarga bo‘ysunadi. Suv qimmatbaho, chunki uni qorni eritib yoki dengiz suvini tozalab olish kerak, shuning uchun dush ko‘pincha haftasiga ikki marta, ikki daqiqa bilan cheklanadi. Atrof-muhitni himoya qilish uchun barcha chiqindilar saralanib, ularni olib kelgan mamlakatlarga qaytarib yuborilishi kerak. Va hech kim tashqariga yolg‘iz chiqmaydi. Hatto binolar orasidagi qisqa yurish ham to‘satdan bo‘ron kelsa xavfli bo‘lishi mumkin, shuning uchun odamlar doim qayerga ketayotganini aytishlari shart.
The strangest thing for many newcomers is the light. Because Antarctica is so far south, in summer the sun never sets, and in winter it never rises. For about four months, people live in complete darkness. This can affect sleep and mood, and many people feel tired or sad. To help, stations use special bright lamps, and people try to keep a regular routine of work, exercise and meals.
Ko‘plab yangi kelganlar uchun eng g‘alati narsa — yorug‘lik. Antarktida juda janubda bo‘lgani uchun yozda quyosh hech qachon botmaydi, qishda esa hech qachon chiqmaydi. Taxminan to‘rt oy davomida odamlar to‘liq qorong‘ilikda yashashadi. Bu uyqu va kayfiyatga ta’sir qilishi mumkin, ko‘p odamlar charchoq yoki g‘amginlik his qilishadi. Yordam berish uchun stansiyalar maxsus yorqin lampalardan foydalanadi, odamlar esa ish, mashq va ovqatlanishning muntazam tartibini saqlashga harakat qilishadi.
Living so closely with the same small group of people can also be difficult. Small disagreements can become big problems when there is nowhere to go. For this reason, people who want to spend the winter in Antarctica often have to pass psychological tests before they are chosen. Being calm, patient and having a good sense of humour are considered just as important as scientific skills.
Bir xil kichik guruh odamlar bilan juda yaqin yashash ham qiyin bo‘lishi mumkin. Boradigan joy bo‘lmaganda kichik kelishmovchiliklar katta muammolarga aylanishi mumkin. Shu sababli, qishni Antarktidada o‘tkazmoqchi bo‘lgan odamlar ko‘pincha tanlanishdan oldin psixologik testlardan o‘tishlari kerak. Xotirjamlik, sabr va yaxshi hazil tuyg‘usi ilmiy ko‘nikmalar kabi muhim deb hisoblanadi.
Despite the difficulties, most people who go to Antarctica say it is the experience of a lifetime. They talk about the silence, the incredible colours of the ice, the penguins and, above all, the southern lights, which dance across the winter sky in waves of green and pink. Many of them, after returning home, find that they want to go back.
Qiyinchiliklarga qaramay, Antarktidaga borgan ko‘pchilik odamlar bu butun umrga tatigulik tajriba ekanini aytishadi. Ular sukunat, muzning aql bovar qilmas ranglari, pingvinlar va, eng avvalo, qishki osmonda yashil va pushti to‘lqinlar bo‘lib raqsga tushadigan janubiy qutb shafag‘i haqida gapirishadi. Ularning ko‘pchiligi uyga qaytgandan keyin yana borishni xohlashini anglaydi.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the article mainly about?
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2 Why is the ice in Antarctica useful to scientists?
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3 Why are showers limited?
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4 Why do people never go outside alone?
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5 Why do people take psychological tests before spending the winter?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Scientific skills are considered more important than personality.
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2 Tourists can stay at McMurdo Station.
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3 McMurdo Station has a hospital.
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4 In winter, the sun never rises in Antarctica.
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5 The lowest temperature recorded in Antarctica was minus sixty degrees.
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6 Rubbish is burned in Antarctica.
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7 Antarctic ice is up to four kilometres thick in some places.
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8 Nobody lives in Antarctica permanently.
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9 Uzbekistan has a research station in Antarctica.
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10 Many people want to return to Antarctica.
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11 Most people in Antarctica are from the United States.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.
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