Marie Curie: A Life for Science
Mariya Kyuri: ilmga bag‘ishlangan hayot
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Ikki marta Nobel mukofotini olgan olima Mariya Kyurining hayoti.
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👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
Marie Curie was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and she is still the only person who has won Nobel Prizes in two different sciences. Her work changed our understanding of the atom and led to new ways of treating cancer. Yet her road to success was extremely difficult.
Mariya Kyuri XX asrning eng muhim olimlaridan biri edi. U Nobel mukofotini olgan birinchi ayol bo‘lgan va hozirgacha ikki xil fan bo‘yicha Nobel mukofotini olgan yagona inson. Uning ishi atom haqidagi tushunchamizni o‘zgartirdi va saratonni davolashning yangi usullariga olib keldi. Biroq uning muvaffaqiyat sari yo‘li nihoyatda qiyin bo‘lgan.
She was born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867. Her parents were both teachers, and Maria was a brilliant student who loved science and mathematics. However, at that time, women were not allowed to study at university in Poland. Maria and her sister Bronya made an agreement: Maria would work as a private teacher and send money to Bronya, who was studying medicine in Paris. Later, Bronya would help Maria in return.
U 1867-yilda Polshaning Varshava shahrida Mariya Sklodovska nomi bilan tug‘ilgan. Ota-onasi ikkalasi ham o‘qituvchi bo‘lgan va Mariya fan va matematikani yaxshi ko‘radigan a’lochi o‘quvchi edi. Biroq o‘sha paytda Polshada ayollarga universitetda o‘qishga ruxsat berilmagan. Mariya va uning opasi Bronya kelishuvga kelishdi: Mariya xususiy o‘qituvchi bo‘lib ishlab, Parijda tibbiyot o‘qiyotgan Bronyaga pul yuboradi. Keyinroq esa Bronya evaziga Mariyaga yordam beradi.
In 1891, at the age of twenty-four, Maria finally moved to Paris and began studying physics at the Sorbonne. She changed her name to the French form, Marie. She had very little money and lived in a small, cold room. Sometimes she was so busy studying that she forgot to eat, and once she fainted from hunger. Despite this, she finished first in her class in physics.
1891-yilda, yigirma to‘rt yoshida Mariya nihoyat Parijga ko‘chib o‘tdi va Sorbonnada fizika o‘qiy boshladi. U ismini fransuzcha shaklga — Mari deb o‘zgartirdi. Uning puli juda kam edi va kichkina, sovuq xonada yashardi. Ba’zan u o‘qishga shunchalik berilib ketardiki, ovqatlanishni unutardi, bir marta esa ochlikdan hushidan ketgan. Shunga qaramay, u fizika bo‘yicha kursini birinchi o‘rinda tugatdi.
In Paris, she met Pierre Curie, a French scientist, and they married in 1895. They worked together in a simple laboratory, which was really just an old shed with a leaking roof. They studied a strange kind of energy that came from certain materials, which Marie called “radioactivity”. In 1898, they discovered two new elements. Marie named one of them polonium, after her home country, Poland.
Parijda u fransuz olimi Per Kyuri bilan tanishdi va ular 1895-yilda turmush qurishdi. Ular oddiy laboratoriyada birga ishlashdi, u aslida tomi chakka o‘tadigan eski omborxona edi. Ular ba’zi moddalardan chiqadigan g‘alati energiya turini o‘rganishdi va Mari uni “radioaktivlik” deb atadi. 1898-yilda ular ikkita yangi element kashf qilishdi. Mari ulardan birini vatani Polsha sharafiga poloniy deb nomladi.
In 1903, Marie and Pierre shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with another scientist, Henri Becquerel. But three years later, tragedy came: Pierre was killed in a road accident in Paris. Marie was heartbroken, but she continued their work. She took Pierre’s job and became the first female professor at the Sorbonne. In 1911, she won a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry.
1903-yilda Mari va Per fizika bo‘yicha Nobel mukofotini boshqa olim Anri Bekkerel bilan bo‘lishishdi. Lekin uch yildan keyin fojia yuz berdi: Per Parijda yo‘l-transport hodisasida halok bo‘ldi. Marining yuragi vayron bo‘ldi, lekin u ularning ishini davom ettirdi. U Perning lavozimini egalladi va Sorbonnadagi birinchi ayol professor bo‘ldi. 1911-yilda u ikkinchi Nobel mukofotini, bu safar kimyo bo‘yicha qo‘lga kiritdi.
During the First World War, Marie used her knowledge to help others. She developed small X-ray machines that could be put into cars and driven to the battlefield. With her teenage daughter Irene, she trained young women to use them. These “little Curies”, as soldiers called them, helped doctors to treat more than a million wounded soldiers.
Birinchi jahon urushi davrida Mari o‘z bilimini boshqalarga yordam berish uchun ishlatdi. U mashinalarga o‘rnatilib, jang maydoniga olib borilishi mumkin bo‘lgan kichik rentgen apparatlarini ishlab chiqdi. O‘smir qizi Iren bilan birga u yosh ayollarni ulardan foydalanishga o‘rgatdi. Askarlar “kichik Kyurilar” deb atagan bu apparatlar shifokorlarga bir milliondan ortiq yarador askarni davolashda yordam berdi.
At that time, nobody understood how dangerous radioactivity was. Marie often carried tubes of radioactive material in her pockets. She died in 1934 from an illness caused by years of radiation. Even today, her notebooks are so radioactive that they are kept in special boxes, and visitors who want to read them must wear protective clothing.
O‘sha paytda hech kim radioaktivlik qanchalik xavfli ekanini tushunmagan. Mari ko‘pincha radioaktiv modda solingan probirkalarni cho‘ntagida olib yurardi. U 1934-yilda yillar davomidagi nurlanish sabab bo‘lgan kasallikdan vafot etdi. Hatto bugun ham uning daftarlari shunchalik radioaktivki, ular maxsus qutilarda saqlanadi va ularni o‘qimoqchi bo‘lgan tashrif buyuruvchilar himoya kiyimi kiyishlari shart.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the text mainly about?
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2 Why didn’t Maria study at university in Poland?
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3 What was the agreement between Maria and Bronya?
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4 Why did Marie name an element polonium?
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5 What were the “little Curies”?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Pierre and Marie had three children.
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2 People must wear special clothing to read Marie’s notebooks.
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3 Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
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4 Marie knew that radioactivity was dangerous and was very careful.
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5 Irene also won a Nobel Prize.
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6 Bronya later became a famous scientist.
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7 Maria moved to Paris when she was eighteen.
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8 Marie invented the word “radioactivity”.
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9 The Curies worked in a modern, well-equipped laboratory.
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10 Marie became a professor after Pierre died.
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11 Both of Maria’s parents were teachers.
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12 Marie won her second Nobel Prize in Physics.
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