Farms in the Sky
Osmondagi fermalar
Sarlavha va pastdagi so‘zlarga qarang. Matn nima haqida bo‘lishi mumkin? Bir daqiqa o‘ylab ko‘ring — bu miyani o‘qishga tayyorlaydi.
Shaharlardagi vertikal fermalar: afzalliklari, cheklovlari va kelajagi.
Kalit so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar matnda uchraydi va matnda ajratib ko‘rsatiladi. Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz.
⏱ O‘qish boshlanganda vaqt o‘lchanadi — oxirida tezligingizni ko‘rasiz.
👆 Istalgan so‘zni bosing — tarjimasi yoki lug‘atga havola chiqadi.
By 2050, around two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities. Feeding them will be a major challenge, especially as farmland is lost to development and climate change. One proposed solution is to grow food inside cities themselves, in vertical farms.
2050-yilga kelib dunyo aholisining taxminan uchdan ikki qismi shaharlarda yashashi kutilmoqda. Ularni oziq-ovqat bilan ta’minlash katta muammo bo‘ladi, ayniqsa qishloq xo‘jaligi yerlari qurilish va iqlim o‘zgarishi tufayli yo‘qolayotgan bir paytda. Taklif etilayotgan yechimlardan biri — oziq-ovqatni shaharlarning o‘zida, vertikal fermalarda yetishtirish.
In a vertical farm, crops such as lettuce, herbs and strawberries are grown in stacked layers inside buildings, under LED lights. Instead of soil, plants grow in water enriched with nutrients. Supporters claim these farms use up to 95 percent less water than traditional agriculture and need no pesticides, since insects cannot get in.
Vertikal fermada salat bargi, ko‘katlar va qulupnay kabi ekinlar bino ichida, LED chiroqlar ostida qavat-qavat qilib yetishtiriladi. Tuproq o‘rniga o‘simliklar ozuqa moddalari bilan boyitilgan suvda o‘sadi. Tarafdorlarning ta’kidlashicha, bu fermalar an’anaviy dehqonchilikka qaraganda 95 foizgacha kam suv sarflaydi va pestitsid talab qilmaydi, chunki hasharotlar ichkariga kira olmaydi.
Because the food is grown close to where it is eaten, it reaches shops fresher and with lower transport emissions. Production also continues all year round, unaffected by droughts, floods or frost.
Oziq-ovqat iste’mol qilinadigan joyga yaqin yetishtirilgani uchun do‘konlarga yangiroq holda va kamroq transport chiqindilari bilan yetib boradi. Ishlab chiqarish ham qurg‘oqchilik, toshqin yoki sovuqdan ta’sirlanmay, yil bo‘yi davom etadi.
However, vertical farms have serious limitations. The electricity needed for lighting and climate control is expensive, and unless it comes from renewable sources, the environmental benefits shrink. Several high-profile companies have gone bankrupt. Moreover, staple crops such as wheat and rice are not economical to grow this way. Vertical farming is likely to complement, rather than replace, traditional agriculture.
Biroq vertikal fermalarning jiddiy cheklovlari bor. Yoritish va iqlimni boshqarish uchun zarur elektr energiyasi qimmat va agar u qayta tiklanadigan manbalardan olinmasa, ekologik foyda kamayadi. Bir nechta mashhur kompaniyalar bankrot bo‘lgan. Bundan tashqari, bug‘doy va guruch kabi asosiy ekinlarni bu usulda yetishtirish iqtisodiy jihatdan foydali emas. Vertikal dehqonchilik an’anaviy dehqonchilikni almashtirishdan ko‘ra uni to‘ldirishi ehtimoli ko‘proq.
Singapore offers an interesting example. The small island nation imports more than 90 percent of its food and has very little farmland. The government has set a goal of producing 30 percent of its nutritional needs locally by 2030, and vertical farms on rooftops and in former car parks form an important part of this plan.
Singapur qiziqarli misol bo‘la oladi. Kichik orol davlati oziq-ovqatining 90 foizdan ortig‘ini import qiladi va juda kam qishloq xo‘jaligi yeriga ega. Hukumat 2030-yilga kelib oziq-ovqat ehtiyojlarining 30 foizini mahalliy ishlab chiqarishni maqsad qilib qo‘ygan, tomlardagi va sobiq avtoturargohlardagi vertikal fermalar bu rejaning muhim qismini tashkil etadi.
Technology is also helping to reduce costs. Some farms now use artificial intelligence to control light, temperature and nutrients for each type of plant, while robots handle planting and harvesting. Newer LED lights use far less electricity than earlier models. If these improvements continue, vertical farming may become competitive for a wider range of crops.
Texnologiya xarajatlarni kamaytirishga ham yordam bermoqda. Ba’zi fermalar endi har bir o‘simlik turi uchun yorug‘lik, harorat va ozuqa moddalarini boshqarishda sun’iy intellektdan foydalanadi, ekish va hosil yig‘ishni esa robotlar bajaradi. Yangi LED chiroqlar avvalgi modellarga qaraganda ancha kam elektr sarflaydi. Agar bu yaxshilanishlar davom etsa, vertikal dehqonchilik kengroq ekinlar uchun raqobatbardosh bo‘lishi mumkin.
Tushundingizmi?
Javob topa olmasangiz, «O‘qish» bosqichiga qaytib, matnga qarang — bu ham mashq.
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Asosiy g‘oya
1 What is the writer’s overall view of vertical farming?
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2 Why do vertical farms not need pesticides?
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3 What is the main limitation of vertical farms?
True / False / Not Given
True — matnda aynan shunday deyilgan. False — matn aksini aytadi. Not Given — matnda bu haqda ma’lumot yo‘q.
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1 Wheat and rice are easy and cheap to grow in vertical farms.
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2 Newer LED lights use more electricity than older ones.
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3 Singapore has already reached its 2030 goal.
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4 Vertical farm food tastes better.
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5 Vertical farms can produce food all year round.
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6 Singapore imports most of its food.
So‘zni ma’nosi bilan juftlang
Chapdan so‘zni, o‘ngdan uning ma’nosini tanlang. Hammasi juftlansa, natija chiqadi.