Science and Ethics

Mavzu so‘zlari

Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz. Bu so‘zlarni suhbat va javoblaringizda ishlating.

Talaffuz mashqi

Avval tinglang, keyin “Aytib ko‘rish”ni bosib so‘zni ayting — sayt nima eshitganini ko‘rsatadi.

ethics /ˈeθɪks/

E-thiks.
enhancement /ɪnˈhɑːnsmənt/

in-HAANS-ment.
dilemma /dɪˈlemə/

di-LE-ma.

Foydali iboralar

Munozara

Murakkablik

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Gene editing is good and bad.

Gene editing raises profound ethical questions.

Akademik ifoda.
The law is always late for science.

Legislation almost always lags behind science.

Ibora.
People don’t trust science because they are stupid.

Distrust often stems from misunderstanding uncertainty.

Hurmatli va tahliliy.

“not without complications” — ijobiy bahoni nozik cheklash.
“indispensable, but insufficient” — C1 darajasidagi kontrast.

IELTS Speaking Part 1

1-qism: Tanishuv savollari

Band 7+ uchun Part 1 da ham tabiiy, ravon va aniq lug‘at kutiladi. Javoblar qisqa, lekin boy bo‘lsin.

Were you interested in science at school?

Namuna javob

Biology fascinated me, physics less so — though I now wish I’d paid more attention.

Retrospektiv.
Do you follow scientific news?

Namuna javob

Occasionally, especially breakthroughs in medicine and space exploration.

Qiziqish.
Which scientific discovery do you think is most important?

Namuna javob

Probably antibiotics — they’ve saved hundreds of millions of lives.

Dalil.
Would you like to work in science?

Namuna javob

I admire scientists enormously, but I lack the patience for experiments that fail for years.

Halol.

IELTS Speaking Part 2

2-qism: Cue card (monolog)

1 daqiqa tayyorlanasiz, keyin 2 daqiqa gapirasiz. Band 7+ uchun hikoya tuzilishi aniq, lug‘at nozik va gaplar xilma-xil bo‘lishi kerak.

IELTS Speaking Part 260 s tayyorgarlik · 120 s gapirish

Describe a scientific development that you think has changed the world.

You should say:

what it is
when it happened
how it has changed people’s lives

and explain whether you think its effects have been mostly positive.

Qaydlaringiz (kalit so‘zlar)

Namuna javob

A scientific development that has profoundly reshaped the world is the rapid creation of mRNA vaccines, which came to global attention during the COVID-19 pandemic around 2020 and 2021. Although the underlying research had been going on for decades — largely ignored and underfunded — it was the pandemic that turned it from an experimental idea into a technology administered to billions of people in record time. The principle is quite elegant: instead of injecting a weakened virus, the vaccine gives the body instructions to produce a harmless protein that trains the immune system to recognise the real virus. The impact has been enormous. Most obviously, these vaccines are estimated to have saved millions of lives and allowed societies to reopen. But the longer-term significance may be even greater, because the same platform is now being explored for cancer treatments, influenza and diseases that have resisted conventional vaccines. Overall, I believe its effects have been overwhelmingly positive, but not without complications. The speed of development, while remarkable, fuelled public mistrust, and vaccine hesitancy became a serious political issue in many countries. There were also stark inequalities in access; wealthy nations secured doses far earlier than poorer ones. So the science itself represents a triumph, but the episode also revealed how much the benefits of science depend on public trust, transparent communication and fair distribution — areas where we arguably failed.

Band 8: ilmiy mexanizmni sodda tushuntiring + ijobiy ta’sir + ijtimoiy muammolar → nozik yakuniy baho.

IELTS Speaking Part 3

3-qism: Muhokama

Band 7–8 uchun Part 3 da mavhum g‘oyalarni muhokama qilish, taxmin qilish, taqqoslash va nozik pozitsiya bildirish kutiladi.

Should there be limits on scientific research?

Namuna javob

I think research itself should be broadly free, because restricting knowledge rarely works. However, there must be strict ethical limits on how research is conducted — particularly when it involves human subjects or technologies with potential for mass harm.

Bilim vs usul farqi.
Who should decide which scientific projects receive funding?

Namuna javob

Ideally, a combination of independent experts, who can judge scientific merit, and democratic input, since public money is involved. Leaving it entirely to either risks bias — towards fashionable topics or political priorities.

Muvozanatli tizim.
Why do some people distrust science?

Namuna javob

Partly because science can seem remote and its uncertainty is misunderstood; when advice changes, people interpret it as incompetence rather than learning. Distrust is also deliberately cultivated by those with commercial or political interests.

Ko‘p sabab.
Can science solve the world’s biggest problems?

Namuna javob

It’s indispensable, but insufficient on its own. We already have much of the technology needed to tackle climate change; the obstacles are largely political and economic.

Kuchli xulosa.