Cities and Urbanisation
Shaharlar va urbanizatsiya
Shahar rejalashtirish ko‘rgazmasida arxitektor Mr Novak yangi tuman loyihasini taqdim etmoqda va fikringizni so‘ramoqda.
Mr Novak — shaharsoz arxitektorSiz — shahar aholisi va faol
Mavzu so‘zlari
Bosing — talaffuzini eshitasiz. Bu so‘zlarni suhbat va javoblaringizda ishlating.
Talaffuz mashqi
Avval tinglang, keyin “Aytib ko‘rish”ni bosib so‘zni ayting — sayt nima eshitganini ko‘rsatadi.
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infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/
IN-fre-strak-cha.
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gentrification /ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
jen-tri-fi-KEI-shn.
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entrenched /ɪnˈtrentʃt/
in-TRENCHT.
Foydali iboralar
Ehtiyotkor tanqid
Kuchli tavsiya
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
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The city changed very much in last ten years.
The city has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past decade.
Zamon va lug‘at.
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Many old houses were destroyed for build towers.
Many old houses were demolished to make way for towers.
Ibora.
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Cities have more opportunity.
Cities concentrate opportunities.
Akademik fe’l.
- “My feelings are genuinely mixed” + ikki tomon — Band 8 uslubi.
- “come at the expense of” — narxi/qurbonligi ma’nosida kuchli ibora.
1-qism: Tanishuv savollari
Band 7+ uchun Part 1 da ham tabiiy, ravon va aniq lug‘at kutiladi. Javoblar qisqa, lekin boy bo‘lsin.
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Do you live in a city or a smaller town?
Namuna javob
In Tashkent, which has grown almost beyond recognition in the last decade.
O‘zgarish.
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What do you like most about your city?
Namuna javob
Its energy, and the fact that old neighbourhoods still exist alongside the new towers.
Kontrast.
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Would you ever move to the countryside?
Namuna javob
In retirement, perhaps. For now, the opportunities are firmly in the city.
Vaqtga bog‘liq.
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How has your neighbourhood changed?
Namuna javob
Several traditional courtyard houses have been replaced by apartment blocks — more practical, but with less character.
Nozik baho.
2-qism: Cue card (monolog)
1 daqiqa tayyorlanasiz, keyin 2 daqiqa gapirasiz. Band 7+ uchun hikoya tuzilishi aniq, lug‘at nozik va gaplar xilma-xil bo‘lishi kerak.
Describe a city you know that has changed significantly.
You should say:
- which city it is
- how it has changed
- what caused these changes
and explain how you feel about these changes.
Namuna javob
The city I want to talk about is Tashkent, which has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past ten years or so. The changes are visible almost everywhere. The most striking is the skyline — what was once a fairly low-rise city, with Soviet-era blocks and traditional single-storey mahalla houses, now has clusters of glass towers, particularly in the Tashkent City business district. Transport has also changed significantly; there are new metro lines, including an above-ground ring line, and a rapidly growing number of cars, which has unfortunately brought serious traffic and air-quality problems. Culturally, the city feels much more open and cosmopolitan, with international restaurants, co-working spaces and a lively café culture that barely existed before. These changes have been driven by a combination of economic reforms that opened the country to foreign investment, rapid population growth as people move from the regions, and a deliberate government strategy to position Tashkent as a regional hub. My feelings are genuinely mixed. I’m proud that the city is more dynamic and that young people have opportunities that previous generations didn’t. However, I feel a real sense of loss about some of the old neighbourhoods that have been demolished, often with little public consultation, and about the trees that have disappeared. I think the challenge for the next decade is to make growth more inclusive and sustainable, so that modernisation doesn’t come at the expense of the city’s identity and liveability.
O‘zgarishlar (vizual, transport, madaniy) → sabablar (tizimli) → aralash his + kelajak chaqiruvi.
3-qism: Muhokama
Band 7–8 uchun Part 3 da mavhum g‘oyalarni muhokama qilish, taxmin qilish, taqqoslash va nozik pozitsiya bildirish kutiladi.
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Why do people continue to move to cities despite their problems?
Namuna javob
Because cities concentrate opportunity — jobs, education and healthcare — and for many people, especially the young, these advantages outweigh congestion and higher costs. There’s also a social dimension; cities offer anonymity and freedom that smaller communities may not.
Iqtisodiy + ijtimoiy.
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How can cities provide affordable housing?
Namuna javob
Options include building social housing, requiring developers to include a share of affordable units, and taxing empty properties held for speculation. Ultimately, it requires political will to prioritise residents over investors.
Choralar + siyosiy iroda.
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Is urban sprawl a serious problem?
Namuna javob
Yes, because low-density expansion increases car dependency, consumes farmland and makes public transport uneconomical. Denser, well-designed neighbourhoods are generally more sustainable.
Mexanizm tushuntirish.
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Will cities in the future be better places to live?
Namuna javob
They could be, if current trends towards green design, cycling infrastructure and remote work continue. But climate change will make many cities hotter and more vulnerable, so adaptation is urgent.
Shartli optimizm.
Javoblaringiz tahlili
Raqamlar yozib olingan javoblaringiz matnidan hisoblanadi. Nutqni aniqlash har doim ham mukammal emas — natijani taxminiy deb qabul qiling.
IELTS Speaking mezonlari bo‘yicha baholang
IELTS Speaking’da har bir mezonga 0–9 band beriladi, umumiy baho — to‘rt mezonning o‘rtachasi (0,5 ga yaxlitlanadi). Bu yerda B2–C1 uchun eng muhim 5–8 bandlar ko‘rsatilgan. Yozuvlaringizni qayta tinglab, har mezonga halol baho bering.