Advanced Conditionals

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Oddiy shart gaplarning to‘rt turini (0, 1, 2, 3) va aralash turlarini bilasiz. Endi nozik ohanglarni o‘rganamiz. Bir xil fikrni ohangiga qarab turlicha aytish mumkin:

• If I resign, who will replace me?Agar iste’foga chiqsam, o‘rnimga kim keladi? (real)
• If I were to resign, who would replace me?Agar iste’foga chiqadigan bo‘lsam, o‘rnimga kim kelardi? (nazariy faraz)
• If you should need help, call me.Mabodo yordam kerak bo‘lsa, qo‘ng‘iroq qiling. (rasmiy, kam ehtimol)
• If you happen to see him, say hi.Tasodifan uni ko‘rib qolsangiz, salom ayting. (tasodif)

• were to — deyarli imkonsiz yoki nazariy faraz;
• should — rasmiy, kam ehtimolli shart (“mabodo”);
• happen to — tasodifiy holat.

Bundan tashqari, shart if siz ham aytilishi mumkin: but for, given, with, without, otherwise, supposing.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. were to — nazariy faraz.
2. should — rasmiy shart va inversiya.
3. happen to — tasodif.
4. if dan keyin will va would — qachon mumkin.
5. if siz shart: but for, given, with, without, otherwise.
6. Qisqartirilgan va yashirin shartlar.

were to — nazariy faraz

were to + fe’l — juda kam ehtimolli, nazariy yoki gipotetik faraz. Ko‘pincha jiddiy, dramatik yoki ilmiy mavzularda.

• If I were to resign, who would replace me?Agar iste’foga chiqadigan bo‘lsam, o‘rnimga kim kelardi?
• If the Earth were to stop spinning, we would all die.Agar Yer aylanishdan to‘xtasa, hammamiz halok bo‘lardik.
• If you were to win the lottery, what would you do?Lotereya yutadigan bo‘lsangiz, nima qilardingiz?
• If prices were to double, many people couldn’t afford food.Narxlar ikki baravar oshsa, ko‘p odamlar ovqatga qurbi yetmasdi.

Inversiya bilan (juda rasmiy): Were I to resign, ...

should — rasmiy, kam ehtimolli shart

should if qismida — “mabodo, agar shunday bo‘lib qolsa”. 1-tur shart, lekin rasmiyroq va kam ehtimol. Rasmiy xatlar, e’lonlar, ko‘rsatmalarda juda keng tarqalgan.

• If you should need help, call me.Mabodo yordam kerak bo‘lsa, qo‘ng‘iroq qiling.
• Should you have any questions, please contact us.Savollaringiz bo‘lsa, biz bilan bog‘laning.
• Should the problem continue, call technical support.Muammo davom etsa, texnik yordamga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling.
• If anyone should ask, tell them I’m busy.Mabodo kimdir so‘rasa, band ekanimni ayting.

happen to — tasodif

happen to + fe’l — tasodifan, kutilmaganda sodir bo‘ladigan holat.

• If you happen to see him, say hi.Tasodifan uni ko‘rib qolsangiz, salom ayting.
• If you happen to be in Bukhara, visit my family.Agar Buxoroga borib qolsangiz, oilamnikiga kiring.
• If it happens to rain, we’ll move the party inside.Mabodo yomg‘ir yog‘sa, bazmni ichkariga ko‘chiramiz.

should happen to — ikkalasi birga, eng kam ehtimol: If you should happen to see her...

if dan keyin will va would

Odatda if qismida will kelmaydi. Lekin will va would ba’zi maxsus ma’nolarda kelishi mumkin:

• If you will follow me, I’ll show you the room.Ortimdan yursangiz, xonani ko‘rsataman.
• If you would wait here, please.Shu yerda kutib tursangiz.
• If it will save money, we should do it.Agar bu pulni tejasa, qilishimiz kerak.
• If you won’t help, I’ll ask someone else.Yordam bermoqchi bo‘lmasangiz, boshqadan so‘rayman. (xohlamaslik)

if + will ning mantiqi

• If it rains, we’ll stay.Oddiy shart. (will yo‘q)
• If you will come this way, please.Marhamat, shu yoqqa yuring. (muloyim iltimos)
• If taking a taxi will get us there faster, let’s do it.Taksi bizni tezroq olib borsa, keling, shunday qilaylik. (natija)

Oxirgi gapda will — natija (taksi olish → tezroq yetib borish). Sabab keyin, natija if qismida.

if siz shart

Shartni if so‘zisiz ham ifodalash mumkin. Bu nutqni boy va ixcham qiladi.

• But for your help, I would have failed.Sizning yordamingiz bo‘lmaganida, muvaffaqiyatsiz bo‘lardim.
• Given the time, I could fix it.Vaqt berilsa, tuzata olardim.
• Without water, nothing would survive.Suvsiz hech narsa omon qolmasdi.
• With a little more effort, she would have won.Ozgina ko‘proq harakat bilan yutgan bo‘lardi.
• We left early. Otherwise, we would have missed it.Erta chiqdik. Aks holda, o‘tkazib yuborgan bo‘lardik.
• Supposing you had no phone, how would you live?Faraz qilaylik, telefoningiz yo‘q, qanday yashardingiz?
• I would have called, but I had no signal.Qo‘ng‘iroq qilardim, lekin aloqa yo‘q edi.

Qisqartirilgan shart

Rasmiy va qisqa matnlarda if dan keyingi ega va fe’l tushib qolishi mumkin:

• If necessary, we’ll stay.Zarur bo‘lsa, qolamiz.
• If in doubt, ask.Shubhangiz bo‘lsa, so‘rang.
• If so, let me know.Agar shunday bo‘lsa, xabar bering.
• If not, we’ll try again.Agar yo‘q bo‘lsa, yana urinamiz.
• If possible, send it today.Iloji bo‘lsa, bugun yuboring.
• If anything, it’s getting worse.Aksincha, yomonlashyapti.

Yashirin shart

Gapda if yo‘q, lekin shart ma’nosi bor.

• Had you called, I would have come.Qo‘ng‘iroq qilganingizda, kelardim. (inversiya)
• A good teacher would explain this.Yaxshi o‘qituvchi buni tushuntirardi. (agar yaxshi bo‘lsa)
• I’d love to go, but I’m busy.Borishni istardim, lekin bandman.
• In your position, I would say no.Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lsam, yo‘q derdim.
• Any student would know that.Har qanday talaba buni bilardi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Ohangni tanlang:

1. Rasmiy xat: Should you have any questions, please contact us.
2. Nazariy faraz: If the Earth were to stop spinning, ...
3. Tasodif: If you happen to pass by, drop in.
4. Birovning yordami: But for him, I would have failed.

Misol (rasmiy): “Agar yetkazib berish kechiksa, sizga xabar beramiz.”

1. Rasmiy, kam ehtimol → Should (inversiya).

Misol: “Sizning maslahatingiz bo‘lmaganida, men xato qilgan bo‘lardim.”

1. if siz, ot bilan → But for / Without.
2. O‘tmish → would have + V3.

Misol: “Agar men prezident bo‘ladigan bo‘lsam, ta’limni o‘zgartirardim.”

1. Nazariy faraz → were to.

Kelajak natijalar

• If I were to move, I’d go to Korea.Ko‘chsam edi, Koreyaga borardim.
• If she were to call now, I wouldn’t answer.Agar u hozir qo‘ng‘iroq qilsa, javob bermasdim.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: were to — nazariy faraz, should — rasmiy “mabodo”, happen to — tasodif. but for / without / given — if siz shart. if + will — faqat iltimos, xohish yoki natija ma’nosida.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Rasmiy xat

Dear Mr Karimov,

Thank you for your order. Should you have any questions about the delivery, please do not hesitate to contact us. If you would kindly confirm your address, we will send the goods tomorrow. If necessary, we can arrange delivery to your office. Were the goods to arrive damaged, we would replace them free of charge.

Best regards, Customer Service

Munozara

• — What would happen if the internet were to disappear tomorrow?— Agar internet ertaga yo‘qolib qolsa, nima bo‘lardi?
• — Without the internet, most businesses would stop.— Internetsiz ko‘pchilik bizneslar to‘xtab qolardi.
• — True. But for online banking, I couldn’t pay my bills.— To‘g‘ri. Onlayn bank bo‘lmaganida, to‘lovlarimni to‘lay olmasdim.
• — Given enough time, people would adapt.— Yetarli vaqt berilsa, odamlar moslashardi.
• — Maybe. If so, it might even be good for us!— Balki. Agar shunday bo‘lsa, bu hatto biz uchun yaxshi bo‘lishi mumkin!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. If you ___ need anything, just call. (rasmiy, kam ehtimol) → should
2. If I ___ to lose my job, I’d start my own business. → were
3. ___ your help, I would never have finished. (if siz) → But for / Without
4. If you ___ to see Ali, tell him to call me. (tasodif) → happen
5. Savollaringiz bo‘lsa, biz bilan bog‘laning (inversiya). → Should you have any questions, please contact us.
6. Ko‘proq vaqt berilsa, men yaxshiroq ishlay olardim. → Given more time, I could work better.
7. Ortimdan yursangiz, sizga xonani ko‘rsataman. → If you will follow me, I’ll show you the room.
8. Xatoni toping: If he was to come, I would leave. → If he were to come, I would leave.

Qisqa xulosa

• were to — kam ehtimolli, nazariy faraz: If I were to resign...
• should — rasmiy shart: Should you need help...
• happen to — tasodif: If you happen to see him...
• if + will / would — faqat muloyim iltimos, xohish yoki natija ma’nosida.
• if siz shart: but for, without, with, given, otherwise, supposing.
• Qisqartirilgan: if necessary, if so, if not, if in doubt, if possible.
• Yashirin shart: A good teacher would explain this.