Question Words
So‘roq so‘zlari
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
Savollar ikki xil bo‘ladi:
- Ha / yo‘q savollari — javob faqat “ha” yoki “yo‘q”: Do you work? — Yes, I do.
- Maxsus savollar — aniq ma’lumot so‘raydi: Where do you work? — In a bank.
Ikkinchi turdagi savollar gap boshidagi so‘roq so‘zi bilan boshlanadi: what, where, when, why, who, how. O‘zbekchadagi nima, qayerda, qachon, nega, kim, qanday so‘zlariga to‘g‘ri keladi.
Eng sodda usul: avval ha / yo‘q savolini tuzing, keyin uning oldiga so‘roq so‘zini qo‘ying. Boshqa hech narsa o‘zgarmaydi.
- Do you work? → Where do you work?Ishlaysizmi? → Qayerda ishlaysiz?
- Is she sad? → Why is she sad?U xafami? → Nega u xafa?
- Are they coming? → When are they coming?Ular kelyaptimi? → Ular qachon kelyapti?
- Can you swim? → How well can you swim?Suza olasizmi? → Qanchalik yaxshi suza olasiz?
O‘zbek tilida so‘roq so‘zi ko‘pincha gap o‘rtasida turadi: “Siz qayerda ishlaysiz?” Ingliz tilida esa u doim eng boshida: “Where do you work?”
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| What | nima, qanday | What is your name? |
| Where | qayerda, qayerga | Where do you live? |
| When | qachon | When does it start? |
| Why | nega, nima uchun | Why are you late? |
| Who | kim | Who is she? |
| Whom | kimni (rasmiy) | Whom did you see? |
| Whose | kimning | Whose bag is this? |
| Which | qaysi | Which one do you want? |
| How | qanday, qanday qilib | How are you? |
| How much | qancha (sanalmaydigan) | How much is it? |
| How many | nechta | How many books do you have? |
| How old | necha yosh | How old are you? |
| How long | qancha vaqt | How long does it take? |
| How often | qanchalik tez-tez | How often do you go? |
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- Maxsus savolning tuzilishi: to be bilan va oddiy fe’l bilan.
- Har bir so‘roq so‘zining ma’nosi va misollari.
- Who ega bo‘lganda — do / does kerak emas.
- What va which farqi.
- How bilan juftliklar: how much, how many, how long, how far.
- Predlogning gap oxirida turishi va eng ko‘p xatolar.
Savolning tuzilishi
Maxsus savolda so‘z tartibi qat’iy. Egadan oldin albatta yordamchi fe’l keladi.
- Where are you?Qayerdasiz?
- Where do you work?Qayerda ishlaysiz?
- What does she do?U nima ish qiladi?
- When did you arrive?Qachon yetib keldingiz?
- What can I do?Nima qila olaman?
- Why are you sad?Nega xafasiz?
Eslab qoling: tartib QWASV — Question word (so‘roq so‘zi), Auxiliary (yordamchi), Subject (ega), Verb (fe’l).
So‘roq so‘zlari batafsil
What — nima, qanday
Narsa, harakat yoki ma’lumot haqida so‘raydi.
- What is your name?Ismingiz nima?
- What do you want?Nima xohlaysiz?
- What are you doing?Nima qilyapsiz?
- What time is it?Soat necha?
- What colour is your car?Mashinangiz qanday rangda?
- What kind of music do you like?Qanday musiqani yoqtirasiz?
What dan keyin ot kelishi mumkin: what time, what colour, what size, what kind of.
What do you do? — bu “Hozir nima qilyapsiz?” emas, balki “Kasbingiz nima?” degan savol. Javob: I’m a doctor.
What is he like? — “U qanday odam?” (xarakteri). What does he look like? — “U qanday ko‘rinishda?” (tashqi ko‘rinishi).
Where — qayerda, qayerga, qayerdan
- Where do you live?Qayerda yashaysiz?
- Where are you going?Qayerga ketyapsiz?
- Where are you from?Qayerliksiz?
- Where is the toilet?Hojatxona qayerda?
When — qachon
- When is your birthday?Tug‘ilgan kuningiz qachon?
- When does the shop open?Do‘kon qachon ochiladi?
- When did you start learning English?Ingliz tilini qachon o‘rgana boshladingiz?
Aniq soatni so‘rash uchun What time ko‘proq ishlatiladi: What time does the film start?
Why — nega, nima uchun
Javob odatda because (chunki) bilan boshlanadi.
- Why are you late? — Because I missed the bus.Nega kechikdingiz? — Chunki avtobusdan qoldim.
- Why do you learn English?Nima uchun ingliz tilini o‘rganasiz?
- Why don’t we go to the cinema?Kinoga borsak-chi? (taklif)
Why don’t we / you ...? — bu savol emas, taklif: “...sak-chi?”
Who — kim
- Who is that man?U odam kim?
- Who are you waiting for?Kimni kutyapsiz?
- Who did you see at the party?Bazmda kimni ko‘rdingiz?
Whose — kimning
- Whose bag is this?Bu kimning sumkasi?
- Whose phone is ringing?Kimning telefoni jiringlayapti?
- Whose are these keys?Bu kalitlar kimniki?
Which — qaysi
- Which bus goes to the centre?Qaysi avtobus markazga boradi?
- Which one do you want, the red or the blue?Qaysi birini xohlaysiz, qizilinimi yoki ko‘kinimi?
- Which is your room?Qaysi biri sizning xonangiz?
How — qanday
- How are you?Qalaysiz?
- How do you go to work? — By bus.Ishga qanday borasiz? — Avtobusda.
- How do you spell your name?Ismingiz qanday yoziladi?
- How was your holiday?Ta’tilingiz qanday o‘tdi?
Who ega bo‘lganda
Bu muhim istisno. Agar who yoki what gapning egasi haqida so‘rasa (kim qiladi?), do / does / did ishlatilmaydi va tartib darak gapdagidek qoladi.
Farqni tushunish uchun javobga qarang:
- Who lives here? — Ali lives here.Bu yerda kim yashaydi? — Ali. (Ali — ega)
- Who do you love? — I love Ali.Kimni sevasiz? — Alini. (Ali — to‘ldiruvchi)
- Who called you? — My mum called me.Sizga kim qo‘ng‘iroq qildi? — Onam.
- Who did you call? — I called my mum.Kimga qo‘ng‘iroq qildingiz? — Onamga.
- What happened?Nima bo‘ldi? (what — ega)
- What did you do?Nima qildingiz? (what — to‘ldiruvchi)
Oson tekshirish: javobda so‘ralgan narsa fe’ldan oldin turadimi? Ha bo‘lsa — do kerak emas.
Ega haqidagi savolda fe’l he / she / it kabi -s oladi: Who knows the answer? Who wants tea?
what yoki which?
What — ochiq tanlov, variantlar ko‘p yoki noma’lum. Which — cheklangan tanlov, ma’lum variantlardan biri.
- What is your favourite food?Sevimli taomingiz nima? (dunyodagi barcha ovqatdan)
- Which bag is yours, the red or the black?Qaysi sumka sizniki, qizilmi yoki qorami?
- What sports do you like?Qanday sport turlarini yoqtirasiz?
- Which sport do you prefer, football or tennis?Qaysi birini afzal ko‘rasiz, futbolmi yoki tennismi?
Which of — “...dan qaysi biri”: Which of these books is yours?
how bilan juftliklar
How + sifat yoki ravish “qanchalik” degan ma’noni beradi.
| Juftlik | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| How much | qancha (narx, sanalmaydigan) | How much is this? How much water do you drink? |
| How many | nechta (sanaladigan) | How many children do you have? |
| How old | necha yosh | How old is your son? |
| How long | qancha vaqt, qancha uzun | How long does it take? |
| How far | qancha uzoq | How far is the airport? |
| How often | qanchalik tez-tez | How often do you exercise? |
| How tall | bo‘yi qancha | How tall are you? |
| How big | qancha katta | How big is your flat? |
| How well | qanchalik yaxshi | How well do you speak English? |
how much yoki how many?
- How many brothers do you have?Nechta akangiz bor?
- How much sugar do you want?Qancha shakar xohlaysiz?
- How much does this phone cost?Bu telefon qancha turadi?
- How many times a week do you go to the gym?Haftasiga necha marta sport zaliga borasiz?
Predlog gap oxirida
O‘zbekchada predlog o‘rnida qo‘shimcha ishlatamiz: kim bilan, nima haqida, qayerdan. Inglizchada esa so‘zlashuvda predlog odatda gapning oxiriga o‘tadi.
- Where are you from?Qayerliksiz? (Qayerdansiz?)
- Who are you talking to?Kim bilan gaplashyapsiz?
- What is the book about?Kitob nima haqida?
- What are you looking at?Nimaga qarayapsiz?
- Who is this present for?Bu sovg‘a kim uchun?
- What are you waiting for?Nimani kutyapsiz?
Rasmiy yozuvda predlog boshida ham kelishi mumkin: To whom are you talking? Lekin kundalik nutqda bu juda rasmiy eshitiladi.
Bosqichma-bosqich
Misol: “Akangiz qachon keladi?”
- Darak gap: Your brother comes.
- Ha / yo‘q savoli: Does your brother come? (he → does, comes → come)
- So‘roq so‘zini qo‘shamiz: When does your brother come?
Misol: “Siz qayerda ishlaysiz?”
- Darak gap: You work (somewhere).
- Ha / yo‘q savoli: Do you work...?
- So‘roq so‘zi: Where do you work?
Misol: “Bu kitobni kim yozgan?”
- Kim — ega haqida so‘rayapmiz (kitobni yozgan odam).
- Ega haqida → do / did kerak emas.
- Fe’l o‘tgan zamonda: wrote.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ Where you live?
✓ Where do you live?
do yordamchi fe’li shart.
✗ What he is doing?
✓ What is he doing?
So‘roq gapda to be egadan oldin keladi.
✗ Who does live here?
✓ Who lives here?
who ega bo‘lganda do kerak emas.
✗ Where does she works?
✓ Where does she work?
does dan keyin fe’l -s olmaydi.
✗ How many money do you have?
✓ How much money do you have?
money sanalmaydi.
✗ How much books?
✓ How many books?
books sanaladi.
✗ How old you are?
✓ How old are you?
to be egadan oldin.
✗ What time the film starts?
✓ What time does the film start?
does kerak.
✗ Why you are late?
✓ Why are you late?
to be egadan oldin.
✗ From where are you?
✓ Where are you from?
Predlog gap oxirida.
✗ Who did call you?
✓ Who called you?
Ega haqida — did kerak emas.
Eslab qoling: So‘roq so‘zi → yordamchi fe’l → ega → asosiy fe’l. Faqat ega haqidagi who / what savolida yordamchi kerak emas.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Tanishuvda
- — What’s your name?— Ismingiz nima?
- — Aziza.— Aziza.
- — Where are you from?— Qayerliksiz?
- — I’m from Kokand.— Qo‘qondanman.
- — What do you do?— Kasbingiz nima?
- — I’m a designer.— Men dizaynerman.
- — How long have you lived in Tashkent?— Toshkentda qancha vaqtdan beri yashaysiz?
- — For three years.— Uch yildan beri.
Sayohatda
- — How can I get to the Registan?— Registonga qanday borsam bo‘ladi?
- — Take bus number 3.— 3-avtobusga chiqing.
- — How far is it?— Qancha uzoq?
- — About ten minutes.— Taxminan o‘n daqiqa.
- — How much is the ticket?— Chipta qancha turadi?
- — Two thousand sum.— Ikki ming so‘m.
O‘zingizni tekshiring
Quyidagi javoblarga mos savol tuzing.
- I live in Navoi. → Where do you live?
- She is 25. → How old is she?
- The film starts at 7. → What time does the film start?
- Ali broke the window. → Who broke the window?
- I have three cousins. → How many cousins do you have?
- It costs 20 dollars. → How much does it cost?
- Because I’m tired. → Why are you going home?
- The red one is mine. → Which one is yours?
Qisqa xulosa
- Tartib: so‘roq so‘zi + do / does / did / to be + ega + fe’l.
- So‘roq so‘zi doim gapning eng boshida.
- Who / What ega bo‘lsa, do kerak emas: Who lives here? What happened?
- What — ochiq tanlov, which — ma’lum variantlardan.
- How + sifat = qanchalik: how old, how long, how far, how often.
- How many — sanaladigan, how much — sanalmaydigan va narx.
- Predlog odatda gap oxirida: Where are you from? Who are you talking to?
- What do you do? — kasbingiz nima?