Prepositions of Time

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Vaqt predloglarini piramida deb tasavvur qiling:

• Pastda eng keng qism — in: yil, oy, fasl, asr (uzoq davrlar);
• O‘rtada toraygan qism — on: bitta kun, sana;
• Tepada eng aniq nuqta — at: soat, aniq payt.

O‘zbekchada hammasi bitta -da qo‘shimchasi bilan aytiladi: 2020-yilda, dushanbada, soat 5 da. Inglizchada esa vaqtning kattaligiga qarab uch xil so‘z ishlatiladi. Bu o‘zbek o‘quvchilari uchun yangi narsa, shuning uchun piramidani yaxshilab eslab qoling.

• I was born in 2001.Men 2001-yilda tug‘ilganman.
• We have a lesson on Friday.Juma kuni darsimiz bor.
• The film starts at 8.Film soat 8 da boshlanadi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. at, on, in — qaysi vaqt bilan qaysi predlog.
2. Kun qismlari: in the morning, lekin at night.
3. Predlog qo‘yilmaydigan holatlar: next, last, every, this.
4. Davomiylik predloglari: for, during, since, from ... to, until.
5. ago, before, after, by.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

at — aniq vaqt nuqtasi

at — soat va aniq paytlar uchun. Piramidaning eng tepasi, eng kichik nuqta.

• I get up at six o’clock.Soat oltida turaman.
• The shop closes at midnight.Do‘kon yarim tunda yopiladi.
• I can’t sleep at night.Kechasi uxlay olmayman.
• We visit our grandparents at the weekend.Dam olish kunlari bobo-buvimiznikiga boramiz.
• She’s busy at the moment.U hozir band.
• Pay at the end of the month.Oy oxirida to‘lang.

on — kun va sana

on — aniq kun uchun: hafta kunlari, sanalar, maxsus kunlar.

• I have English on Mondays and Wednesdays.Dushanba va chorshanba kunlari ingliz tili darsim bor.
• School starts on the 2nd of September.Maktab 2-sentyabrda boshlanadi.
• What did you do on your birthday?Tug‘ilgan kuningizda nima qildingiz?
• We’re having a party on Saturday night.Shanba oqshomi bazm qilyapmiz.

Mondays (ko‘plik) — “har dushanba”, odat ma’nosida: I play football on Sundays — Har yakshanba futbol o‘ynayman.

Sanani qanday aytish

Yozuvda: 5 May yoki May 5. Og‘zaki: “the fifth of May” yoki “May the fifth”. Predlog doim on.

in — uzoqroq davrlar

in — kundan kattaroq davrlar uchun: oy, yil, fasl, asr, kun qismlari.

• It’s very hot here in July.Bu yerda iyulda juda issiq.
• Uzbekistan became independent in 1991.O‘zbekiston 1991-yilda mustaqil bo‘ldi.
• We go to the mountains in summer.Yozda tog‘ga boramiz.
• I drink coffee in the morning.Ertalab qahva ichaman.
• I’ll be back in ten minutes.O‘n daqiqadan keyin qaytaman.
• People didn’t have phones in the past.O‘tmishda odamlarda telefon yo‘q edi.

in + muddat — “...dan keyin” (kelajakda): in two days — ikki kundan keyin. after two days emas.

Kun qismlari: diqqat!

In the night ham ba’zan uchraydi, lekin “kechasi umuman” ma’nosida at night ishlatiladi.

Birlashganda: eng aniq qism hal qiladi

Agar vaqt iborasida bir nechta qism bo‘lsa, eng aniq (eng kichik) qism predlogni belgilaydi.

• I was born on 5 May 2001.2001-yil 5-mayda tug‘ilganman. (kun bor — on)
• I was born in May 2001.2001-yil mayda tug‘ilganman. (kun yo‘q — in)
• We met on Monday morning.Dushanba ertalab uchrashdik. (morning, lekin kun bor)
• The meeting is at 10 on Tuesday.Yig‘ilish seshanba kuni soat 10 da.

Predlog qo‘yilmaydigan holatlar

this, next, last, every, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight so‘zlaridan oldin predlog kerak emas.

• I’m going to Bukhara next week.Kelasi hafta Buxoroga boraman.
• We met last year.O‘tgan yili tanishdik.
• She calls her mother every day.U onasiga har kuni qo‘ng‘iroq qiladi.
• I saw him this morning.Uni bugun ertalab ko‘rdim.
• What are you doing tonight?Bugun kechqurun nima qilyapsiz?

Davomiylik predloglari

for va during

• I slept for eight hours.Sakkiz soat uxladim.
• I fell asleep during the film.Film paytida uxlab qoldim.
• We stayed in Khiva for three days.Xivada uch kun qoldik.
• Don’t use your phone during the exam.Imtihon paytida telefondan foydalanmang.

During two hours — xato. During dan keyin voqea yoki davr nomi keladi, son emas.

for, since, ago

• I studied for two hours.Ikki soat davomida o‘qidim.
• I’ve lived here since 2020.2020-yildan beri shu yerda yashayman.
• I came two days ago.Ikki kun oldin keldim.

ago — boshqa predloglardan farqli, so‘zdan keyin turadi: two days ago, a year ago, five minutes ago. U Past Simple bilan ishlatiladi.

since — boshlanish nuqtasi bilan (since Monday, since 2020), for — davr bilan (for three days, for a year). Ikkalasi ko‘pincha Present Perfect bilan keladi.

until va by

Until — shu vaqtgacha davom etadi. By — shu vaqtdan kechikmay, eng kechi shu vaqtda.

• I’ll wait until 6.Soat 6 gacha kutaman. (5, 5:30, 6 — kutish davom etadi)
• Finish it by 6.Soat 6 gacha tugating. (6 dan kechikmasin)
• The shop is open until 10 pm.Do‘kon kechki 10 gacha ochiq.
• Please send the report by Friday.Iltimos, hisobotni jumagacha yuboring.

before va after

• Wash your hands before dinner.Kechki ovqatdan oldin qo‘lingizni yuving.
• Let’s meet after work.Ishdan keyin uchrashaylik.
• I’ll call you before I leave.Ketishdan oldin sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.

from ... to / until

• I work from Monday to Friday.Dushanbadan jumagacha ishlayman.
• The shop is open from 9 am until 8 pm.Do‘kon ertalab 9 dan kechki 8 gacha ochiq.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Vaqt iborasi qarshisida o‘zingizdan so‘rang.

1. next, last, every, this, tomorrow bormi? → predlog yo‘q.
2. Soatmi yoki aniq nuqtami? → at 5 o’clock, at noon, at night.
3. Kun yoki sanami? → on Monday, on 8 March, on my birthday.
4. Kattaroq davrmi? → in June, in 2026, in summer, in the morning.

Misol: “Darsimiz seshanba kuni soat to‘qqizda.”

1. Soat → at nine.
2. Kun → on Tuesday.

Misol: “Men 2015-yilning yozida Samarqandda edim.”

1. Fasl + yil → kun yo‘q → in.

Misol: “Uch kun oldin keldim va hafta oxirigacha qolaman.”

1. Uch kun oldin → three days ago (so‘zdan keyin).
2. Hafta oxirigacha → until the end of the week.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: at — soat, on — kun, in — oy, yil, fasl. next, last, every, this bilan predlog yo‘q.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Uchrashuv belgilash

• — Are you free on Thursday?— Payshanba kuni bo‘shmisiz?
• — Yes, in the afternoon.— Ha, tushdan keyin.
• — Let’s meet at 3 o’clock.— Soat 3 da uchrashaylik.
• — Sorry, I work until 4. Can we meet after work, at 5?— Kechirasiz, 4 gacha ishlayman. Ishdan keyin, soat 5 da uchrashsak bo‘ladimi?
• — OK, see you on Thursday at 5!— Mayli, payshanba soat 5 da ko‘rishamiz!

Kun tartibi

I usually get up at 6:30. In the morning I go for a short run. I work from 9 to 6, from Monday to Friday. I have lunch at 1 o’clock. In the evening I study English for an hour. On Saturdays I meet my friends, and on Sundays I stay at home. I go to bed at 11.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. My birthday is ___ June. → in
2. My birthday is ___ 12 June. → on
3. The train leaves ___ 7:15. → at
4. I’ll see you ___ next Monday. → — (predlog yo‘q)
5. I lived in Moscow ___ five years. → for
6. She left an hour ___. → ago
7. I usually read ___ night. → at
8. Please finish the work ___ Friday. → by

Qisqa xulosa

• at — soat va aniq nuqta: at 7, at noon, at night, at the weekend.
• on — kun va sana: on Monday, on 5 May, on my birthday.
• in — oy, yil, fasl, kun qismi: in May, in 2026, in summer, in the morning.
• next, last, every, this, tomorrow bilan predlog yo‘q.
• for — qancha vaqt, during — qachon (voqea ichida).
• since — boshlanish nuqtasi, ago — so‘zdan keyin turadi.
• until — davom etadi, by — kechikmay.
• in + muddat — kelajakda: in ten minutes.