Future: will — Kelasi zamon: will: qoida va misollar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Will — bu “kelajak tugmasi”. Istalgan fe’l oldiga will qo‘ysangiz, gap kelasi zamonga o‘tadi. Fe’l o‘zgarmaydi, shaxsga qarab -s qo‘shilmaydi. Hamma uchun bir xil: I will go, she will go, they will go.

O‘zbekchada kelajak ko‘pincha hozirgi zamon shakli bilan aytiladi: Ertaga boraman. U kechqurun keladi. Inglizchada esa bunday bo‘lmaydi — will ni qo‘shmasangiz, kelajak ma’nosi chiqmaydi: I go tomorrow — xato (yoki boshqa ma’no). To‘g‘ri: I will go tomorrow.

Bo‘lishliega + will (’ll) + fe’l: I’ll help.

Bo‘lishsizwon’t (will not) + fe’l: She won’t come.

So‘roqWill + ega + fe’l: Will you come?

Qisqa javobYes, I will. / No, I won’t.

I think it will rain.Menimcha, yomg‘ir yog‘adi.
The phone is ringing. I’ll answer it.Telefon jiringlayapti. Men olaman.
I won’t tell anyone.Hech kimga aytmayman.
Will you help me?Menga yordam berasizmi?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

will ning tuzilishi: bo‘lishli, inkor (won’t), savol.
will ishlatiladigan beshta asosiy holat.
I think, I’m sure, probably bilan bashorat.
Shall I...? Shall we...? — taklif.
when, if, as soon as dan keyin will ishlatilmaydi.
will va be going to farqiga birinchi qadam.

Tuzilishi

will — modal fe’l, xuddi can kabi ishlaydi:

hamma shaxsda bir xil;
-s olmaydi;
undan keyin to qo‘yilmaydi;
keyingi fe’l asosiy shaklda.

Ega	To‘liq	Qisqa
I	I will go	I’ll go
you	you will go	you’ll go
he / she / it	he will go	he’ll / she’ll / it’ll go
we	we will go	we’ll go
they	they will go	they’ll go

So‘zlashuvda deyarli doim qisqa shakl ishlatiladi: I’ll, you’ll, she’ll, we’ll, they’ll.

Inkor: won’t

will not ning qisqa shakli — won’t (talaffuzi: “vount”). Willn’t degan shakl yo‘q.

I won’t be late.Kechikmayman.
She won’t like this.Bu unga yoqmaydi.
It won’t take long.Bu uzoq vaqt olmaydi.
They won’t come tomorrow.Ular ertaga kelishmaydi.

won’t va want ni aralashtirmang: I won’t go — bormayman, I want to go — bormoqchiman.

Savol

Will you be at home tonight?Bugun kechqurun uyda bo‘lasizmi?
Will it rain tomorrow?Ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘adimi?
What will you do after university?Universitetdan keyin nima qilasiz?
When will they arrive?Ular qachon yetib keladi?
How long will it take?Bu qancha vaqt oladi?

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. Shu zahoti qilingan qaror

Gapirayotgan paytda, hozir qaror qilsangiz — will. Oldindan rejalashtirilmagan.

The phone is ringing. I’ll answer it.Telefon jiringlayapti. Men olaman.
It’s cold. I’ll close the window.Sovuq. Derazani yopaman.
— We don’t have any bread. — OK, I’ll buy some.— Non yo‘q. — Mayli, men olib kelaman.
I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed.Charchadim. Menimcha, yotaman.

2. Va’da

I won’t tell anyone. I promise.Hech kimga aytmayman. Va’da beraman.
I’ll call you every day.Har kuni qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
I’ll always love you.Seni doim sevaman.
I will pay you back next week.Kelasi hafta pulingizni qaytaraman.

3. Taklif va yordam

That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you.Sumka og‘ir ko‘rinadi. Men yordam beraman.
I’ll carry it for you.Men siz uchun ko‘tarib boraman.
Don’t worry, I’ll do the dishes.Xavotir olmang, idishlarni men yuvaman.

4. Bashorat (fikrga asoslangan)

Kelajak haqidagi fikringiz, taxminingiz.

I think it will rain tomorrow.Menimcha, ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘adi.
You will love this film.Bu film sizga juda yoqadi.
People will live on Mars one day.Bir kun kelib odamlar Marsda yashaydi.
Uzbekistan will win the match.O‘zbekiston o‘yinda g‘alaba qozonadi.

5. Iltimos

Will you...? — iltimos (ba’zan qat’iyroq). Muloyimroq: Would you...?

Will you help me, please?Menga yordam berasizmi, iltimos?
Will you close the door?Eshikni yopasizmi?
Will you marry me?Menga turmushga chiqasizmi?

Kelajakdagi oddiy faktlar

I will be thirty next year.Kelasi yil o‘ttiz yoshga to‘laman.
The shop will be closed on Monday.Do‘kon dushanba kuni yopiq bo‘ladi.
Tomorrow will be sunny.Ertaga quyoshli bo‘ladi.

Payt so‘zlari

So‘z	Ma’nosi
tomorrow	ertaga
the day after tomorrow	indinga
next week / month / year	kelasi hafta / oy / yil
soon	tez orada
in two days	ikki kundan keyin
one day	bir kun kelib
later	keyinroq
in the future	kelajakda

Fikr so‘zlari bilan

Bashorat qilganda will ko‘pincha quyidagi so‘zlar bilan keladi:

So‘z	Ma’nosi	Misol
I think	menimcha	I think she’ll pass.
I hope	umid qilaman	I hope you’ll come.
I’m sure	aminman	I’m sure it’ll be fine.
I expect	kutaman	I expect they’ll be late.
probably	ehtimol	He will probably call.
maybe / perhaps	balki	Maybe I’ll go.
definitely	albatta	I’ll definitely be there.

I’m sure you’ll pass.Aminmanki, o‘tasiz.
She will probably come.U ehtimol keladi.
Maybe I’ll see you tomorrow.Balki ertaga ko‘rishamiz.

probably va definitely — will dan keyin: He will probably come. Inkorda esa won’t dan oldin: He probably won’t come.

Inkor fikr

“O‘ylaymanki, u kelmaydi” inglizchada: I don’t think he will come. Inkor think ga o‘tadi. I think he won’t come — grammatik xato emas, lekin kamroq tabiiy.

I don’t think it’ll rain.Yomg‘ir yog‘maydi, deb o‘ylayman.
I don’t think she’ll like it.Bu unga yoqmaydi, deb o‘ylayman.

shall

Shall — I va we bilan taklif yoki maslahat so‘rash uchun savolda ishlatiladi.

Shall I open the window?Derazani ochaymi?
Shall we go?Ketdikmi?
Shall I help you?Sizga yordam beraymi?
What shall we do tonight?Bugun kechqurun nima qilamiz?
Where shall we meet?Qayerda uchrashamiz?

Zamonaviy inglizchada shall asosan shu savollarda qolgan. Oddiy kelajak uchun hamma shaxsda will ishlatiladi.

Vaqt gaplarida diqqat

when, after, before, as soon as, until, if dan keyin kelasi ma’no bo‘lsa ham hozirgi zamon ishlatiladi. will faqat gapning asosiy qismida.

Tuzilishiasosiy gap (will) + when / if / as soon as + hozirgi zamon

I’ll call you when I arrive.Yetib borganimda sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
If it rains, we’ll stay at home.Yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolamiz.
I’ll wait here until you come back.Qaytib kelguningizcha shu yerda kutaman.
As soon as I finish, I’ll send it to you.Tugatishim bilan sizga yuboraman.
Before you leave, turn off the lights.Ketishdan oldin chiroqni o‘chiring.

O‘zbekchada ham shunday: “Yetib borganimda qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman” — birinchi qismda kelasi zamon qo‘shimchasi yo‘q.

will va be going to: birinchi farq

Ikkalasi ham kelajak, lekin farqi bor. Bu mavzuni keyingi darsda batafsil o‘rganamiz.

will	be going to
Hozir qilingan qaror	Oldindan rejalashtirilgan
— There’s no milk. — I’ll buy some.	I’m going to buy milk after work.
Fikrga asoslangan bashorat	Ko‘rinib turgan dalilga asoslangan
I think it will rain.	Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Ertaga men sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.”

Ega: I.
will: will (qisqasi ’ll).
Fe’l asosiy shaklda: call.
Qolgani: you tomorrow.

NatijaI’ll call you tomorrow.

Misol: “U (qiz) ertaga kelmaydi, deb o‘ylayman.”

Inkor fikr → I don’t think.
Bashorat: she will come.

NatijaI don’t think she’ll come tomorrow.

Misol: “Ishni tugatishim bilan uyga ketaman.”

Asosiy gap: uyga ketaman → I’ll go home (will).
Vaqt gapi: tugatishim bilan → as soon as I finish (hozirgi zamon!).

NatijaI’ll go home as soon as I finish work.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I will to go.~~

✓ I will go.

will dan keyin to kerak emas.

✗ ~~She wills come.~~

✓ She will come.

will -s olmaydi.

✗ ~~I’ll call you when I will arrive.~~

✓ I’ll call you when I arrive.

when dan keyin will kelmaydi.

✗ ~~She will comes.~~

✓ She will come.

will dan keyin fe’l o‘zgarmaydi.

✗ ~~I willn’t go.~~

✓ I won’t go.

Inkor — won’t.

✗ ~~I go to Samarkand tomorrow.~~

✓ I’ll go to Samarkand tomorrow.

Kelajak uchun will kerak.

✗ ~~If it will rain, we will stay home.~~

✓ If it rains, we will stay home.

if dan keyin hozirgi zamon.

✗ ~~Will I open the window? (taklif)~~

✓ Shall I open the window?

Taklif — Shall I.

✗ ~~I think he won’t come.~~

✓ I don’t think he’ll come.

Inkor think ga o‘tadi (tabiiyroq).

✗ ~~He probably won’t not come.~~

✓ He probably won’t come.

Ikki marta inkor yo‘q.

Eslab qoling: will + fe’lning asosiy shakli. when, if, as soon as dan keyin — hozirgi zamon.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Restoranda

— Are you ready to order?— Buyurtma berishga tayyormisiz?
— Yes. I’ll have the plov, please.— Ha. Menga palov.
— And to drink?— Ichimlikka-chi?
— I’ll have green tea.— Ko‘k choy.
— Anything else?— Yana biror narsa?
— No, thanks. Oh, I’ll take a salad too.— Yo‘q, rahmat. Ha, salat ham olaman.

Restoranda buyurtma berganda I’ll have... juda tabiiy — bu shu zahoti qilingan qaror.

Kelajak haqida

In ten years I will be 35. I hope I’ll have a good job and a family. Maybe I’ll live in another country. I’m sure I’ll speak English fluently. I don’t think I’ll be rich, but I’ll probably be happy. And I will definitely visit my parents every weekend.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

I ___ (help) you with your homework. → will help / ’ll help
She ___ (not / come) to the party. → won’t come
___ it ___ (be) cold tomorrow? → Will / be
— I’m thirsty. — Wait, I ___ (get) you some water. → ’ll get
Derazani ochaymi? → Shall I open the window?
Yetib borganimda xabar beraman. → I’ll text you when I arrive.
Bu sizga yoqmaydi, deb o‘ylayman. → I don’t think you’ll like it.
Xatoni toping: If she will call, tell her I’m busy. → If she calls, tell her I’m busy.

Qisqa xulosa

will + fe’lning asosiy shakli: I will go.
Hamma shaxsda bir xil; -s yo‘q, to yo‘q.
Inkor: won’t (will not); savol: Will + ega + fe’l?
Ishlatilishi: shu zahoti qaror, va’da, taklif, bashorat, iltimos.
Fikr so‘zlari: I think, I’m sure, probably, maybe; inkor: I don’t think...
Shall I...? Shall we...? — taklif va maslahat so‘rash.
when, if, as soon as, until dan keyin will kelmaydi — hozirgi zamon.