Distancing Language
Masofa saqlash uslubi
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
Masofa saqlash (distancing) — fikrni o‘zingizdan uzoqlashtirish. Agar ma’lumotga 100% ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa yoki bu birovning fikri bo‘lsa, “Bu shunday” demaysiz. “Shunday ko‘rinadi”, “Aytishlaricha...”, “Hisobotga ko‘ra...” deysiz.
- The company is in trouble.Kompaniya qiyin ahvolda. (to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri — siz javobgarsiz)
- The company is reported to be in trouble.Kompaniya qiyin ahvolda ekani xabar qilinmoqda. (masofa — manba boshqa)
- Apparently, the company is in trouble.Aytishlaricha, kompaniya qiyin ahvolda.
Bunday til:
- sizni xatodan himoya qiladi — agar ma’lumot noto‘g‘ri chiqsa, siz uni o‘zingiz da’vo qilmagansiz;
- matnni xolis va ob’ektiv qiladi;
- muloyimlik beradi — ayniqsa shikoyat va iltimoslarda.
Yangiliklar, ilmiy maqolalar, rasmiy hisobotlar va IELTS insholarida deyarli har gapda uchraydi.
O‘zbekchada ham shunday iboralar bor: aytishlaricha, xabar qilinishicha, ko‘rinishidan, da’volarga ko‘ra, ...ga o‘xshaydi.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- seem va appear bilan masofa.
- Majhul tuzilmalar: It is believed that..., He is said to...
- Masofa ravishlari: apparently, allegedly, reportedly.
- Manbaga ishora: according to, evidence suggests.
- Zamon orqali muloyimlik: I was wondering...
- Shikoyat va iltimoslarni yumshatish.
seem va appear
seem va appear — “...ga o‘xshaydi, ko‘rinishidan”. Ular ikki xil tuzilmada ishlatiladi:
- It seems that sales have fallen.Sotuvlar kamayganga o‘xshaydi.
- Sales seem to have fallen.Sotuvlar kamayganga o‘xshaydi.
- There appears to be a problem with the system.Tizimda muammo borga o‘xshaydi.
- She seems to be unhappy.U baxtsizga o‘xshaydi.
- The plan appears to be working.Reja ish berayotganga o‘xshaydi.
Zamonlar uchun perfect infinitiv: seem to have + V3 — oldin bo‘lgan: He seems to have forgotten.
It would seem that — yana ham ehtiyotkor
would qo‘shilsa, masofa yana ham kattalashadi:
- It would seem that we were wrong.Biz noto‘g‘ri bo‘lganga o‘xshaymiz.
- It would appear that nobody was informed.Hech kimga xabar berilmaganga o‘xshaydi.
Majhul tuzilmalar
B2 darajasida o‘rgangan murakkab majhul nisbat — masofa saqlashning asosiy vositasi. Fikr kimniki ekani aytilmaydi.
- It has been suggested that the plan will fail.Reja muvaffaqiyatsiz bo‘ladi, degan taklif bildirilgan.
- It is widely believed that exercise reduces stress.Mashq stressni kamaytiradi, deb keng ishoniladi.
- The company is reported to be in trouble.Kompaniya qiyin ahvolda ekani xabar qilinmoqda.
- The minister is said to have resigned.Vazir iste’foga chiqqan deyishadi.
- It is thought that prices will rise next year.Kelasi yil narxlar oshadi, deb taxmin qilinmoqda.
- It is claimed that the product is safe.Mahsulot xavfsiz ekani da’vo qilinmoqda.
Masofa ravishlari
Bu ravishlar gap boshida (vergul bilan) yoki fe’l oldida keladi va ma’lumot manbasini ko‘rsatadi.
| Ravish | Ma’nosi | Qachon |
|---|---|---|
| apparently | aytishlaricha, ko‘rinishidan | eshitilgan ma’lumot |
| allegedly | da’volarga ko‘ra | isbotlanmagan ayblov |
| reportedly | xabarlarga ko‘ra | yangiliklar |
| seemingly | ko‘rinishidan | tashqi ko‘rinish |
| supposedly | go‘yoki, taxmin qilinishicha | shubha bilan |
| presumably | taxminan, ehtimol | mantiqiy xulosa |
| arguably | aytish mumkinki | munozarali fikr |
- Apparently, she left.Aytishlaricha, u ketgan.
- Allegedly, he took the money.Da’volarga ko‘ra, u pulni olgan.
- Reportedly, ten people were hurt.Xabarlarga ko‘ra, o‘n kishi jarohatlangan.
- Seemingly, nothing had changed.Ko‘rinishidan, hech narsa o‘zgarmagan.
- This is supposedly the best restaurant in town.Bu go‘yoki shahardagi eng yaxshi restoran.
- Navoi is arguably the greatest Uzbek poet.Navoiyni eng buyuk o‘zbek shoiri deyish mumkin.
allegedly — huquqiy va yangilik matnlarida juda muhim: ayblov isbotlanmaguncha odamni aybdor deb atash mumkin emas.
Manbaga ishora
Ma’lumot kimdan kelganini ko‘rsatish — masofaning eng aniq usuli.
- According to the report, sales fell.Hisobotga ko‘ra, sotuvlar kamaydi.
- According to experts, the economy is improving.Mutaxassislarning fikricha, iqtisodiyot yaxshilanmoqda.
- Evidence suggests that this works.Dalillar bu ish berishini ko‘rsatadi.
- Research indicates that sleep affects memory.Tadqiqotlar uyqu xotiraga ta’sir qilishini ko‘rsatadi.
- Studies have shown that exercise helps.Tadqiqotlar mashq yordam berishini ko‘rsatgan.
- There seems to have been a mistake.Xato bo‘lganga o‘xshaydi.
According to me — xato. according to — faqat boshqa manba uchun. O‘z fikringiz uchun: In my opinion / I think.
Bosqichma-bosqich
Oddiy fikrni uzoqlashtiramiz: The economy is improving.
- Fe’l bilan: The economy seems to be improving.
- It bilan: It appears that the economy is improving.
- Majhul: The economy is believed to be improving.
- Ravish: Apparently, the economy is improving.
- Manba: According to experts, the economy is improving.
Misol (yangilik): The director stole money from the company.
- Isbotlanmagan → allegedly yoki is alleged to have.
Misol (ilmiy): Coffee causes heart problems.
- Manba + yumshatish → Some studies suggest that ... may.
Zamon orqali muloyimlik
O‘tgan zamon va davomli shakl gapni yumshatadi — so‘rov “uzoqroq”, “kamroq bosimli” eshitiladi. Bu ham masofa, lekin ijtimoiy masofa.
| Ochiq | Muloyim |
|---|---|
| I want to ask you. | I was wondering if I could ask you. |
| Do you need anything? | Did you need anything? |
| I hope you can help. | I was hoping you could help. |
| I think we should go. | I was thinking we could go. |
| I want a refund. | I was wondering if I could get a refund. |
- I was wondering whether you could help.Yordam bera olasizmi, deb so‘ramoqchi edim.
- I was hoping we could talk about my salary.Maoshim haqida gaplashsak deb umid qilgan edim.
- Did you want to see me?Meni ko‘rmoqchimidingiz?
- I was thinking of taking a few days off.Bir necha kun dam olsammi deb o‘ylayotgan edim.
Bu yerda o‘tgan zamon — o‘tmish emas! U faqat muloyimlik uchun. Iltimos hozir haqida.
Muloyim xat va shikoyat
Shikoyatda ayblovni yumshatish uchun masofa iboralari juda foydali. To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ayblash qo‘pol eshitiladi.
| To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri | Masofa bilan |
|---|---|
| You made a mistake in my bill. | There appears to be an error in my bill. |
| You didn’t send the parcel. | The parcel does not seem to have arrived. |
| Your staff were rude. | I was rather surprised by the attitude of some staff. |
| This is wrong. | There may have been a misunderstanding. |
- There appears to be an error in my bill.Hisobimda xato bor ko‘rinadi.
- The item does not seem to work properly.Mahsulot to‘g‘ri ishlamayotganga o‘xshaydi.
- I was wondering if you could look into this matter.Bu masalani ko‘rib chiqa olmaysizmi, deb so‘ramoqchi edim.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ It seems that to be a problem.
✓ There seems to be a problem.
Tuzilmalarni aralashtirmang.
✗ It is reported he to be ill.
✓ He is reported to be ill.
Ega gap boshiga chiqadi.
✗ According to me, it’s wrong.
✓ In my opinion, it’s wrong.
according to — boshqa manba uchun.
✗ He seems to have stole it.
✓ He seems to have stolen it.
to have + V3.
✗ Apparently that she left.
✓ Apparently, she left.
Ravishdan keyin that yo‘q.
✗ It appears there is to be a problem.
✓ There appears to be a problem.
there appears to be.
✗ I was wondering can you help me.
✓ I was wondering if you could help me.
if + oddiy tartib.
✗ He is alleged that he stole.
✓ He is alleged to have stolen. / It is alleged that he stole.
Ikki tuzilma.
Eslab qoling: masofa — seem / appear to, It is believed that, apparently / allegedly / reportedly, according to. Muloyimlik — I was wondering / hoping.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Yangilik maqolasi
A fire reportedly broke out in a factory near Tashkent last night. According to local officials, no one was injured. The cause of the fire is not yet known, but it is believed that an electrical fault may have started it. The factory owner is said to be cooperating with the police. Apparently, this is the second fire at the factory this year.
Shikoyat xati
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing about my recent order (No. 4521). Unfortunately, the parcel does not appear to have arrived, although your website says it was delivered on Monday. There may have been a mistake with the address. I was wondering if you could check this for me. I was hoping to receive the item before my trip next week.
Yours faithfully, Malika Rahimova
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- Masofa bilan: The minister is ill. → The minister is said / reported to be ill.
- Masofa bilan: The thief escaped through the window. → The thief is believed to have escaped through the window.
- Ravish bilan: (eshitganman) She got married. → Apparently, she got married.
- Muloyim qiling: I want to ask you a question. → I was wondering if I could ask you a question.
- Hisobotga ko‘ra, aholi ko‘paymoqda. → According to the report, the population is growing.
- Tizimda xato borga o‘xshaydi. → There seems / appears to be an error in the system.
- Da’volarga ko‘ra, u pulni olgan. → Allegedly, he took the money.
- Xatoni toping: According to me, this is the best option. → In my opinion, this is the best option.
Qisqa xulosa
- Masofa saqlash — fikrni o‘zingizdan uzoqlashtirish, xolislik va ehtiyotkorlik.
- seem / appear + to: Sales seem to have fallen.
- It seems / appears that..., There seems to be...
- Majhul: It is believed / said / reported that..., He is said to...
- Ravishlar: apparently, allegedly, reportedly, seemingly, supposedly, arguably.
- Manba: according to, evidence suggests, research indicates.
- Muloyimlik: I was wondering / hoping / thinking — o‘tgan zamon, lekin hozirgi ma’no.
- Shikoyatda: There appears to be an error...