Have / Have got

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbekchada “Mening kitobim bor” deymiz. Bu gapda kitob “bor” bo‘ladi, ya’ni gapning markazida — narsa. Inglizchada esa aksincha: odam narsaga “ega bo‘ladi”. I have a book — so‘zma-so‘z “Men kitobga egaman”.

Shuning uchun inglizcha gap I bilan boshlanadi, “my” bilan emas. My have a book yoki My book is have — xato. To‘g‘ri: I have a book.

O‘zbekcha “Menda ... bor”, “Mening ...im bor”, “...im yo‘q” kabi gaplar inglizchada have bilan aytiladi.

Have va have got — bir xil ma’no. Have got ko‘proq Britaniya so‘zlashuv tilida, have esa hamma joyda (ayniqsa Amerikada) ishlatiladi. Ikkalasini ham bilish kerak, chunki filmlarda, kitoblarda va imtihonlarda ikkalasi ham uchraydi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. have va has ni egaga qarab tanlash.
2. have va have got: bo‘lishli, inkor va savol shakllari.
3. Egalik, oila, tashqi ko‘rinish, kasallik haqida gapirish.
4. Have ning “ega bo‘lish”dan boshqa ma’nolari: nonushta qilish, dush qabul qilish.
5. have va there is farqi.
6. O‘zbeklar eng ko‘p qiladigan xatolar.

have yoki has?

Qoida Present Simple’dagi -s qoidasi bilan bir xil: he, she, it (yoki bitta odam, bitta narsa) bilan has, qolganlari bilan have.

• I have a sister.Mening opam bor.
• My brother has a new phone.Akamning yangi telefoni bor.
• We have a big garden.Bizning katta bog‘imiz bor.
• The hotel has a swimming pool.Mehmonxonada basseyn bor.

Diqqat: he’s got = he has got, he’s + sifat esa = he is. Undan keyin nima kelishiga qarang: He’s got a car (ega) va He’s tired (holat).

Ikki xil shakl: have va have got

Farqni ko‘ring:

• have oddiy fe’l kabi ishlaydi — inkor va savolda do / does kerak;
• have got da esa have ning o‘zi yordamchi — inkor va savolda do ishlatilmaydi.

• I have two brothers.Mening ikkita akam bor.
• She has long hair.Uning sochi uzun.
• Do you have a pen?Sizda ruchka bormi?
• He hasn’t got any money.Unda pul yo‘q.
• Have you got a minute?Bir daqiqa vaqtingiz bormi?
• They don’t have children.Ularning farzandi yo‘q.

Ikki shaklni aralashtirmang: Do you have got...? yoki I don’t have got — xato. Yo Do you have...?, yo Have you got...?

Inkor: “yo‘q”

have bilan

Doesn’t dan keyin has emas, have keladi — chunki “-s” allaqachon does ichida.

have got bilan

• I don’t have time today.Bugun vaqtim yo‘q.
• My grandfather doesn’t have a mobile phone.Bobomning mobil telefoni yo‘q.
• We haven’t got any bread.Bizda non yo‘q.
• He hasn’t got a job.Uning ishi yo‘q.

Savol: “bormi?”

• Do you have any brothers or sisters?Aka-uka yoki opa-singlingiz bormi?
• Does your flat have a balcony?Kvartirangizda balkon bormi?
• Have you got a pen?Ruchkangiz bormi?
• Has she got a car?Uning mashinasi bormi?
• How many children do you have?Nechta farzandingiz bor?
• What colour eyes has he got?Uning ko‘zlari qanday rangda?

have bilan nimalarni aytamiz?

1. Egalik

• I have a new laptop.Mening yangi noutbukim bor.
• They have a house in the country.Ularning qishloqda uyi bor.
• Do you have a driving licence?Haydovchilik guvohnomangiz bormi?

2. Oila va do‘stlar

• I have two sons and a daughter.Mening ikki o‘g‘lim va bir qizim bor.
• She has a lot of friends.Uning do‘stlari ko‘p.
• Do you have any cousins?Amakivachchalaringiz bormi?

3. Tashqi ko‘rinish va xarakter

O‘zbekchada “Uning ko‘zi ko‘k”, “Sochi uzun” deymiz. Inglizchada esa have bilan aytiladi: “U ko‘k ko‘zlarga ega”.

• She has blue eyes.Uning ko‘zlari ko‘k.
• He has short black hair.Uning sochi qisqa va qora.
• My father has a beard.Otamning soqoli bor.
• He has a good heart.Uning yuragi yaxshi (u mehribon).
• She has a great sense of humour.Uning hazil tuyg‘usi zo‘r.

4. Kasallik va og‘riq

• I have a headache.Boshim og‘riyapti.
• She has a cold.U shamollagan.
• He has a temperature.Uning isitmasi bor.
• I’ve got a toothache.Tishim og‘riyapti.
• Do you have a sore throat?Tomog‘ingiz og‘riyaptimi?

O‘zbekchada “Boshim og‘riyapti” — hozirgi davomli shakl. Inglizchada esa I have a headache — oddiy Present Simple. I am having a headache deyilmaydi.

5. Vaqt, imkoniyat, muammo

• I don’t have time.Vaqtim yo‘q.
• We have a problem.Bizda muammo bor.
• Do you have any questions?Savollaringiz bormi?
• She has an idea.Uning bir fikri bor.

Have faqat egalik emas

Ingliz tilida ko‘p harakatlar ham have bilan aytiladi. Bunda u “ega bo‘lmoq” degani emas, balki “qilmoq, o‘tkazmoq” ma’nosini beradi.

• I have breakfast at 8.Soat 8 da nonushta qilaman.
• She has a shower every morning.U har tongda dush qabul qiladi.
• We have a meeting on Monday.Dushanba kuni yig‘ilishimiz bor.
• Let’s have a break.Keling, tanaffus qilaylik.
• Have a good time!Yaxshi dam oling!
• Can I have a look?Qarab ko‘rsam bo‘ladimi?

Muhim: bu ma’nolarda have got ishlatilmaydi. I’ve got breakfast at 8 — xato. Va bu ma’noda have Continuous shaklida ham kelishi mumkin: I’m having lunch now (Hozir tushlik qilyapman).

have va there is

Ikkalasi ham “bor” deb tarjima qilinadi, lekin farqi bor:

• I have a dog.Mening itim bor. (menga tegishli)
• There is a dog in the garden.Bog‘da it bor. (joyda)
• Our school has a big library.Maktabimizda katta kutubxona bor.
• There is a big library in our school.Maktabimizda katta kutubxona bor.

Oxirgi ikki gapning ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri. Joy yoki tashkilot “ega” bo‘lsa, has ham, there is ham ishlatiladi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Akamning mashinasi bor.”

1. Kimda bor? Akam → my brother (u = he).
2. Fe’l: he bilan has.
3. Nima bor? a car.

Inkor va savolda oddiy fe’l kabi do / does ishlatiladi va has yana have ga qaytadi.

• My brother doesn’t have a car.Akamning mashinasi yo‘q.
• Does your brother have a car?Akangizning mashinasi bormi?

Misol: “Mening vaqtim yo‘q.”

1. Kimda? Men → I.
2. Inkor: I + don’t have (yoki haven’t got).
3. Nima? time.

Misol: “Opamning ko‘zlari yashil.”

1. Kimda? Opam → my sister (she) → has.
2. Nima? green eyes (sifat otdan oldin).

O‘tgan zamonda

O‘tgan zamonda hamma shaxslar uchun had ishlatiladi. Have got ning o‘tgan zamoni yo‘q — faqat had.

• I had a bike when I was a child.Bolaligimda velosipedim bor edi.
• She didn’t have a phone.Uning telefoni yo‘q edi.
• Did you have a good time?Yaxshi vaqt o‘tkazdingizmi?
• We had dinner at a restaurant.Restoranda kechki ovqat qildik.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: o‘zbekcha “Mening ...im bor” → inglizcha I have .... Gap “men” bilan boshlanadi.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Tanishuvda

• — Do you have any brothers or sisters?— Aka-uka, opa-singillaringiz bormi?
• — Yes, I have one brother. He has two children.— Ha, bitta akam bor. Uning ikki farzandi bor.
• — Have you got any pets?— Uy hayvoningiz bormi?
• — No, I haven’t. But my sister has a cat.— Yo‘q. Lekin opamning mushugi bor.

Shifokorda

• — What’s the problem?— Nima bezovta qilyapti?
• — I have a terrible headache and I’ve got a temperature.— Boshim qattiq og‘riyapti va isitmam bor.
• — Do you have a cough?— Yo‘talingiz bormi?
• — Yes, a little.— Ha, biroz.

Kichik matn

My best friend Sanjar has short dark hair and brown eyes. He has a beard now. He has a wife and a little daughter. They have a small flat in Yunusabad. Sanjar doesn’t have a car, but he has a bike. Every Sunday we have lunch together and have a good time.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ two sisters. → have
2. My father ___ a big beard. → has
3. ___ you ___ a car? (have bilan) → Do / have
4. ___ she ___ a pen? (have got bilan) → Has / got
5. Mening vaqtim yo‘q. → I don’t have time.
6. Uning (qizning) sochi uzun. → She has long hair.
7. Boshim og‘riyapti. → I have a headache.
8. Biz soat 7 da nonushta qilamiz. → We have breakfast at 7.

Qisqa xulosa

• I / you / we / they have, he / she / it has.
• Inkor: don’t / doesn’t have yoki haven’t / hasn’t got.
• Savol: Do / Does ... have? yoki Have / Has ... got?
• Ikki shaklni aralashtirmang: Do you have got.
• have got — ma’nosi bir xil, so‘zlashuv uslubi (asosan Britaniya).
• Gap egasi odam bo‘ladi, “my” emas: I have a book.
• Tashqi ko‘rinish va kasallik: She has blue eyes. I have a cold.
• Harakatlar: have breakfast, have a shower, have a good time (have got emas).
• O‘tgan zamon: had.