Past of “to be”: was / were

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Bu mavzu juda oddiy: am, is, are ning kechagi shakli. O‘zbekchadagi edim, eding, edi, edik, edilar ga to‘g‘ri keladi.

I am at home.Uydaman. (bugun)
I was at home.Uyda edim. (kecha)
They are tired.Ular charchagan. (hozir)
They were tired.Ular charchagan edi. (o‘tmishda)

Hozirgi zamonda uchta shakl bor edi (am, is, are). O‘tgan zamonda esa faqat ikkita: was va were. Eslab qolish kerak bo‘lgan yagona qoida:

I, he, she, it (va har qanday birlik) → was;
you, we, they (va har qanday ko‘plik) → were.

I / he / she / itwas

you / we / theywere

Bo‘lishsizwasn’t / weren’t

So‘roqWas he ...? Were you ...?

Qisqa javobYes, I was. / No, they weren’t.

I was at home yesterday.Kecha uyda edim.
They were in Bukhara last week.Ular o‘tgan hafta Buxoroda edi.
She wasn’t happy.U xursand emas edi.
Were you tired?Charchagan edingizmi?
Where were you?Qayerda edingiz?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

was va were ni egaga qarab tanlash.
Inkor va savol gaplar (did ishlatilmaydi!).
was / were ishlatiladigan holatlar: joy, holat, kasb, ob-havo.
There was / There were.
I was born — tug‘ilgan joy va yil.
So‘roq so‘zlari bilan savollar va eng ko‘p xatolar.

was yoki were?

Hozirgi	O‘tgan	Misol
I am	I was	I was tired.
you are	you were	You were right.
he / she / it is	he / she / it was	She was a teacher.
we are	we were	We were at school.
they are	they were	They were happy.

Oson usul: am va is → was; are → were.

My father was a driver.Otam haydovchi edi. (bitta — was)
My parents were in Tashkent.Ota-onam Toshkentda edi. (ko‘plik — were)
The film was interesting.Film qiziqarli edi.
The films were interesting.Filmlar qiziqarli edi.
You were right.Siz haq edingiz. (bitta odam bo‘lsa ham — were)

Diqqat: you bilan doim were, hatto bitta odamga gapirganda ham: You were late (You was late emas).

Inkor gap

Inkor uchun not qo‘shiladi. Qisqa shakllar: wasn’t (was not), weren’t (were not).

I wasn’t at work yesterday.Kecha ishda emas edim.
The test wasn’t difficult.Test qiyin emas edi.
We weren’t hungry.Qornimiz och emas edi.
They weren’t at the party.Ular bazmda emas edi.
It wasn’t my fault.Bu mening aybim emas edi.

Savol gap

Savolda was / were egadan oldinga chiqadi — xuddi hozirgi zamondagi Is he...? Are you...? kabi.

DarakYou were at home.

SavolWere you at home?

Was she at school?U maktabda edimi?
Were you tired?Charchagan edingizmi?
Was the food good?Ovqat yaxshi edimi?
Were they at home?Ular uyda edimi?

Savol	Ha	Yo‘q
Were you at home?	Yes, I was.	No, I wasn’t.
Was it cold?	Yes, it was.	No, it wasn’t.
Were they late?	Yes, they were.	No, they weren’t.

Did ishlatilmaydi!

Bu juda muhim. Past Simple’da oddiy fe’llar inkor va savolda did talab qiladi (Did you go?). Lekin to be bilan did ishlatilmaydi, chunki was / were o‘zi yordamchi vazifasini bajaradi.

Oddiy fe’lDid you go home? — I didn’t go.

to beWere you at home? — I wasn’t at home.

Did you be there? yoki I didn’t be — xato.

So‘roq so‘zlari bilan

TartibSo‘roq so‘zi + was / were + ega + ...?

Where were you yesterday?Kecha qayerda edingiz?
How was your holiday?Ta’tilingiz qanday o‘tdi?
Why were you late?Nega kechikdingiz?
Who was that man?U odam kim edi?
What was the weather like?Havo qanday edi?
How old were you then?O‘shanda necha yoshda edingiz?

How was...? — juda foydali savol: How was your day? How was the exam? How was the film? — “...qanday o‘tdi?”

Qachon ishlatiladi?

I was tired last night.Kecha kechqurun charchagan edim. (holat)
She was a teacher.U o‘qituvchi edi. (kasb)
It was cold.Sovuq edi. (ob-havo)
We were in Khiva.Xivada edik. (joy)
He was twenty then.O‘shanda u yigirma yoshda edi. (yosh)
The tickets were expensive.Chiptalar qimmat edi. (tasvir)

Payt so‘zlari

was / were ko‘pincha o‘tgan vaqtni bildiruvchi so‘zlar bilan keladi:

So‘z	Ma’nosi
yesterday	kecha
last night / week / year	o‘tgan kecha / hafta / yil
two days ago	ikki kun oldin
in 2010	2010-yilda
then, at that time	o‘shanda
when I was a child	bolaligimda

There was / There were

There is / There are ning o‘tgan zamoni. “...da ... bor edi” degan ma’noni beradi.

BirlikThere was a ...

Ko‘plikThere were ...

InkorThere wasn’t / weren’t any ...

SavolWas there / Were there ...?

There was a cinema here.Bu yerda kinoteatr bor edi.
There were many people.Ko‘p odam bor edi.
There wasn’t any water.Suv yo‘q edi.
Were there any problems?Muammolar bormidi?
There was a lot of snow last winter.O‘tgan qishda qor ko‘p edi.

“Tug‘ilgan” so‘ziga diqqat

“Tug‘ilganman” inglizchada doim was / were born bilan aytiladi. Bu passiv (majhul) shakl: so‘zma-so‘z “men tug‘dirildim”. I born yoki I am born deyilmaydi.

I was born in Andijan.Andijonda tug‘ilganman.
I was born in 1995.1995-yilda tug‘ilganman.
My children were born in Tashkent.Bolalarim Toshkentda tug‘ilgan.
Where were you born?Qayerda tug‘ilgansiz?
When was your father born?Otangiz qachon tug‘ilgan?

O‘zbekchadan farqli joylar

Hozirgi zamondagidek, o‘zbekchada boshqa fe’l bo‘lgan joyda inglizchada was / were + sifat ishlatiladi.

O‘zbekcha	Inglizcha
Qornim och edi.	I was hungry.
Kechikdim.	I was late.
Sovqotdim.	I was cold.
Haq edingiz.	You were right.
Qo‘rqib ketdim.	I was scared.
Uyaldim.	I was embarrassed.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Kecha biz bozorda edik.”

Ega: we.
Zamon: o‘tgan, we bilan were.
Qolgani: at the market yesterday.

NatijaWe were at the market yesterday.

Xuddi hozirgi zamondagidek: inkorda not, savolda fe’l oldinga chiqadi. Did ishlatilmaydi.

We weren’t at the market.Biz bozorda emas edik.
Were you at the market?Bozorda edingizmi?
Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.Ha. / Yo‘q.

Misol: “Ta’tilingiz qanday o‘tdi?”

So‘roq so‘zi: qanday → How.
Ega: your holiday (birlik) → was.

NatijaHow was your holiday?

Misol: “Bu yerda ilgari katta bog‘ bor edi.”

Borlik + o‘tgan zamon + birlik → There was.
Nima: a big park; joy: here; vaqt: before.

NatijaThere was a big park here before.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I were happy.~~

✓ I was happy.

I bilan was.

✗ ~~They was here.~~

✓ They were here.

they bilan were.

✗ ~~Did you be there?~~

✓ Were you there?

to be bilan did ishlatilmaydi.

✗ ~~You was right.~~

✓ You were right.

you bilan doim were.

✗ ~~I born in 1999.~~

✓ I was born in 1999.

Tug‘ilish — was born.

✗ ~~I didn’t be at home.~~

✓ I wasn’t at home.

Inkor — wasn’t.

✗ ~~Where you were?~~

✓ Where were you?

Savolda were egadan oldin.

✗ ~~My parents was teachers.~~

✓ My parents were teachers.

Ko‘plik — were.

✗ ~~There were a problem.~~

✓ There was a problem.

Birlik — was.

✗ ~~Yesterday I am tired.~~

✓ Yesterday I was tired.

O‘tgan vaqt — was.

Eslab qoling: am / is → was, are → were. Inkor va savolda did yo‘q.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Dushanba kuni ishda

— Hi! How was your weekend?— Salom! Dam olish kunlaringiz qanday o‘tdi?
— It was great, thanks. We were in the mountains.— Ajoyib, rahmat. Tog‘da edik.
— Was it cold there?— U yerda sovuq edimi?
— Yes, it was, but the views were amazing.— Ha, sovuq edi, lekin manzaralar ajoyib edi.
— Were your children with you?— Bolalaringiz ham siz bilan edimi?
— No, they weren’t. They were at their grandmother’s.— Yo‘q. Ular buvisinikida edi.

Bolalik haqida

I was born in a small village near Namangan. Our house was small, but there was a big garden. There were apple and apricot trees in it. My grandparents were farmers. I was a quiet child and my best friend was our dog. Those were happy days.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

I ___ at the cinema yesterday. → was
We ___ very tired. → were
___ you at home last night? → Were
She ___ (not) at school. → wasn’t
Qayerda tug‘ilgansiz? → Where were you born?
Kecha havo issiq edi. → It was hot yesterday.
To‘yda odam ko‘p edi. → There were a lot of people at the wedding.
Xatoni toping: Did she be angry? → Was she angry?

Qisqa xulosa

I / he / she / it — was, you / we / they — were.
Inkor: wasn’t / weren’t.
Savol: Was / Were + ega ...? Javob: Yes, I was. / No, they weren’t.
did bilan ishlatilmaydi: ~~Did you be~~ → Were you.
How was...? — qanday o‘tdi?
There was / There were — ... bor edi.
Tug‘ilish: I was born in ...