Stative and Dynamic Verbs

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Fe’llar ikki turga bo‘linadi:

• Harakat fe’llari (dynamic verbs) — qo‘l bilan qilinadigan, boshlanadigan, davom etadigan va tugaydigan ishlar: run, write, cook, play, eat.
• Holat fe’llari (stative verbs) — ichingizda mavjud, shunchaki bor bo‘lgan holatlar: know, love, own, believe, want.

“Bilaman” degan jarayonning o‘rtasida turolmaysiz: yoki bilasiz, yoki bilmaysiz. Shuning uchun I am knowing deyilmaydi. Davomli shakl (-ing) — “jarayon” degani, holatda esa jarayon yo‘q.

• I am cooking dinner.Kechki ovqat pishiryapman. (harakat — jarayon bor)
• I know the answer.Javobni bilaman. (holat — jarayon yo‘q)
• I was writing a letter.Xat yozayotgan edim. (harakat)
• I believed him.Unga ishondim. (holat)

Holat fe’llari odatda davomli shaklda ishlatilmaydi — Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous va Perfect Continuous zamonlarida.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Holat fe’llari va harakat fe’llari farqi.
2. Holat fe’llarining asosiy guruhlari.
3. Ikki ma’noli fe’llar: think, have, see, taste, be.
4. Sezgi fe’llari va can.
5. O‘zbek o‘quvchilari uchun tuzoqlar.
6. Perfect bilan va so‘zlashuvdagi istisnolar.

Asosiy guruhlar

Fikr va bilim

• I know what you mean.Nima demoqchi ekaningizni bilaman.
• I don’t understand this question.Bu savolni tushunmayapman.
• Do you remember me?Meni eslaysizmi?
• I believe you.Sizga ishonaman.
• What does this word mean?Bu so‘z nimani anglatadi?
• I realise it’s difficult.Bu qiyinligini tushunaman.

His-tuyg‘u va istak

• I love this song.Bu qo‘shiqni juda yaxshi ko‘raman.
• She wants a new phone.U yangi telefon xohlaydi.
• We need more time.Bizga ko‘proq vaqt kerak.
• I prefer tea to coffee.Men qahvadan ko‘ra choyni afzal ko‘raman.
• He hates waiting.U kutishni yomon ko‘radi.

Egalik

• This bag belongs to me.Bu sumka menga tegishli.
• They own three restaurants.Ularning uchta restorani bor.
• The price includes breakfast.Narxga nonushta kiradi.
• This box contains old photos.Bu qutida eski suratlar bor.

Boshqa holatlar

• This phone costs 300 dollars.Bu telefon 300 dollar turadi.
• It depends on the weather.Bu ob-havoga bog‘liq.
• He weighs 80 kilos.Uning vazni 80 kilo.
• These shoes don’t fit me.Bu tuflilar menga to‘g‘ri kelmaydi.
• She resembles her mother.U onasiga o‘xshaydi.
• It doesn’t matter.Hechqisi yo‘q. / Ahamiyati yo‘q.

Ikki ma’noli fe’llar

Bu darsning eng muhim qismi. Ba’zi fe’llar holat ma’nosida davomli bo‘lmaydi, harakat ma’nosida esa bo‘ladi. Ma’no o‘zgaradi!

think

• I think he’s from Fergana.Menimcha, u Farg‘onadan. (fikr — holat)
• I’m thinking about changing jobs.Ish o‘zgartirish haqida o‘ylayapman. (o‘ylash jarayoni)
• What do you think of my new car?Yangi mashinam haqida nima deb o‘ylaysiz? (fikr)
• What are you thinking about?Nima haqida o‘ylayapsiz? (jarayon)

have

• I have two brothers.Mening ikkita akam bor. (egalik)
• We’re having a party tonight.Bugun kechqurun bazm qilyapmiz. (harakat)
• She’s having a shower.U dush qabul qilyapti.
• Are you having a good time?Yaxshi vaqt o‘tkazyapsizmi?

be

be odatda holat, lekin being + sifat — “hozir o‘zini shunday tutyapti” (odatda bunday emas).

• He is a kind person.U mehribon inson. (doimiy xarakter)
• You’re being very rude today!Bugun juda qo‘pol muomala qilyapsiz! (odatda bunday emassiz)
• The children are being very quiet. Something’s wrong!Bolalar juda jim. Nimadir bo‘lgan! (odatiy emas)

Sezgi fe’llari

see, hear, smell, taste — bu sezgilar o‘zicha sodir bo‘ladi, biz ularni “qilmaymiz”. Shuning uchun “hozir” ma’nosini can bilan aytamiz.

• I can see the mountains.Tog‘larni ko‘ryapman.
• I can hear music.Musiqa eshityapman.
• I can smell something burning.Nimadir kuyayotganini sezyapman.
• Can you hear me?Meni eshityapsizmi?

I am seeing the mountains yoki I am hearing music — xato.

Ataylab harakat — boshqa fe’l

Agar ataylab, diqqat bilan qilsangiz — boshqa fe’l ishlatiladi va u davomli bo‘ladi:

• I’m looking at the mountains.Tog‘larga qarayapman.
• I’m listening to music.Musiqa tinglayapman.
• We’re watching a film.Film tomosha qilyapmiz.

O‘zbekchada tuzoq

O‘zbek tilida “tushunyapman, bilyapman, xohlayapman, yoqtiryapman” deyish mumkin va tabiiy. Shuning uchun o‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘pincha inglizchada ham davomli shakl ishlatadi. Bu xato juda tez-tez uchraydi.

• Tushunyapman. → I understand.-yapman bo‘lsa ham oddiy shakl
• Xohlayapman. → I want.-yapman bo‘lsa ham oddiy shakl
• Sizni tanimayapman. → I don’t recognise you.oddiy shakl

Perfect bilan

Holat fe’llari bilan davomiylik (for, since) kerak bo‘lsa, Present Perfect Continuous emas, oddiy Present Perfect ishlatiladi.

• I’ve known him for years.Uni yillardan beri taniyman. (have been knowing emas)
• She’s had this car since 2015.Bu mashina unda 2015-yildan beri bor.
• We’ve always loved this place.Biz bu joyni doim yaxshi ko‘rganmiz.
• How long have you been married?Qachondan beri turmush qurgansiz?

Bosqichma-bosqich

Fe’lni tekshirish uchun savol bering: “Hozir bu ishni jarayon sifatida qilyapmanmi?”

• I am cooking.Ovqat pishiryapman. (harakat — ha)
• I know the answer.Javobni bilaman. (holat — yo‘q)

1. Fe’l jismoniy harakat yoki faol jarayonmi? → davomli shakl mumkin.
2. Fe’l fikr, his-tuyg‘u, egalik yoki holatmi? → oddiy shakl.
3. Ikki ma’noli fe’lmi (think, have, see)? → ma’noga qarang.

Misol: “Hozir sizni tushunmayapman.”

1. understand — fikr (holat).
2. Hozir bo‘lsa ham → oddiy shakl.

Misol: “U hozir tushlik qilyapti.”

1. have lunch — harakat (ovqatlanish).
2. Hozir → Present Continuous.

So‘zlashuvdagi istisnolar

Zamonaviy so‘zlashuvda ba’zan holat fe’llari ham davomli shaklda eshitiladi — o‘zgarish yoki vaqtinchalik holatni ta’kidlash uchun:

• I’m loving this weather!Bu havo menga juda yoqyapti! (reklama, norasmiy)
• I’m liking my new job more and more.Yangi ishim menga borgan sari ko‘proq yoqyapti. (o‘zgarish)
• Are you wanting anything else?Yana biror narsa xohlaysizmi? (do‘konda, muloyim)

Diqqat: so‘zlashuvda I’m loving it kabi gaplar uchraydi, lekin bu reklama va norasmiy uslub. Imtihonda va rasmiy yozuvda oddiy shaklni yozing.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: fikr, his-tuyg‘u, egalik, sezgi fe’llari — oddiy shaklda. O‘zbekchadagi “-yapman” sizni chalg‘itmasin.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Restoranda

• — Do you want a starter?— Boshlang‘ich taom xohlaysizmi?
• — No, thanks. I think I’ll just have the main course.— Yo‘q, rahmat. Menimcha, faqat asosiy taomni olaman.
• — How does the soup taste?— Sho‘rvaning ta’mi qanday?
• — It tastes delicious! What does it contain?— Juda mazali! Ichida nima bor?
• — Lamb, vegetables and herbs. Are you enjoying your meal?— Qo‘y go‘shti, sabzavot va ko‘katlar. Taomingiz yoqyaptimi?
• — Very much. I love this place!— Juda. Bu joyni juda yaxshi ko‘raman!

Kichik matn

Right now I’m sitting in a café and I’m thinking about my future. I know that I want to study abroad, but I don’t know where. My parents think I should go to Korea. I prefer the UK because I love British literature. But it depends on the cost — studying in London costs a lot of money. I’m having a coffee and I can hear soft music. I feel calm. I believe I’ll make the right decision.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (not / understand) this word. → don’t understand
2. Look! She ___ (taste) the soup. → is tasting
3. This soup ___ (taste) great. → tastes
4. I ___ (think) about my holiday plans. → am thinking
5. Men uni bolalikdan beri taniyman. → I have known him since childhood.
6. Musiqa eshityapman. → I can hear music.
7. Bugun juda qo‘pol muomala qilyapsiz. → You’re being very rude today.
8. Xatoni toping: This house is belonging to my uncle. → This house belongs to my uncle.

Qisqa xulosa

• Holat fe’llari davomli shaklda ishlatilmaydi: know, want, like, need, believe, belong, seem, cost.
• Guruhlar: fikr, his-tuyg‘u, egalik, sezgi, boshqa holatlar.
• Ikki ma’noli: think, have, see, taste, be, look, feel — ma’noga qarang.
• Hozirgi sezgi: can see, can hear, can smell.
• Ataylab: look at, listen to, watch — davomli bo‘ladi.
• Davomiylik: Present Perfect (I’ve known him for years).
• O‘zbekcha “-yapman” → inglizcha oddiy shakl: Tushunyapman → I understand.