Used to

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Used to — eski fotoalbom. “Ilgari shunday edi, endi unday emas.” Siz albomni varaqlab, o‘tmishdagi hayotingizni eslaysiz: bolaligingizda qayerda yashardingiz, nima qilardingiz, qanday edingiz.

O‘zbekchada bu -ardim, -ar edim, -gan edim shakllariga to‘g‘ri keladi: o‘ynardim, yashar edim, chekar edi.

• I used to play football every day.Har kuni futbol o‘ynardim. (endi o‘ynamayman)
• She used to live in Andijan.U ilgari Andijonda yashar edi. (endi u yerda yashamaydi)

Asosiy g‘oya: bu gap hozirgi holatdan farqni ko‘rsatadi. I used to smoke degan odam hozir chekmaydi. I used to be shy — “ilgari uyatchan edim” (endi unday emasman).

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. used to ning tuzilishi va ma’nosi.
2. O‘tmishdagi odatlar va holatlar.
3. Inkor va savol: didn’t use to, Did you use to...?
4. used to va Past Simple farqi.
5. would bilan o‘tmishdagi odatlar.
6. be used to va get used to — butunlay boshqa ma’no.

Tuzilishi

used to hamma shaxs uchun bir xil — -s ham, boshqa o‘zgarish ham yo‘q. Undan keyin fe’lning asosiy shakli keladi.

Imlo tuzog‘i: bo‘lishli gapda used (d bilan), inkor va savolda esa use (d siz). Chunki did allaqachon o‘tgan zamonni ko‘rsatadi — xuddi didn’t go (didn’t went emas) kabi.

Talaffuz: used to — “yus-tu” (s yumshoq, “z” emas). Use (ishlatmoq) fe’lidan farq qiladi: I use a computer — “yuz”.

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. O‘tmishdagi odatlar

Ilgari muntazam takrorlangan, lekin endi qilinmaydigan ishlar.

• I used to play football after school.Darsdan keyin futbol o‘ynardim.
• We used to visit our grandparents every summer.Har yozda bobo-buvimiznikiga borardik.
• My father used to smoke, but he stopped.Otam ilgari chekardi, lekin tashladi.
• She used to walk to work. Now she drives.U ilgari ishga piyoda borardi. Endi mashinada boradi.

2. O‘tmishdagi holatlar

Ilgari mavjud bo‘lgan, lekin endi o‘zgargan holatlar: qayerda yashash, qanday bo‘lish, nimaga ega bo‘lish.

• She used to live in Andijan.U ilgari Andijonda yashar edi.
• I used to have long hair.Ilgari sochim uzun edi.
• He used to be very shy.U ilgari juda uyatchan edi.
• There used to be a cinema here.Bu yerda ilgari kinoteatr bor edi.
• This used to be a quiet street.Bu ilgari jimjit ko‘cha edi.

3. Inkor: ilgari qilmas edim

• I didn’t use to like coffee.Ilgari qahvani yoqtirmas edim. (endi yoqtiraman)
• We didn’t use to have a car.Ilgari mashinamiz yo‘q edi.
• She didn’t use to speak English.U ilgari inglizcha gapirmas edi.

Inkorning yana bir usuli: never used to — I never used to eat vegetables. (Ilgari hech qachon sabzavot yemas edim.)

4. Savol

• Did you use to have long hair?Ilgari sochingiz uzun edimi?
• Did she use to work here?U ilgari shu yerda ishlaganmi?
• What did you use to do on Sundays?Ilgari yakshanba kunlari nima qilardingiz?
• Where did you use to live?Ilgari qayerda yashardingiz?

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Bolaligimda qishloqda yashardim.”

1. O‘tmishdagi odat yoki holatmi? Ha, endi yo‘q.
2. Ega + used to: I used to.
3. Asosiy fe’l: live.
4. Qolgani: in a village when I was a child.

Misol: “Ilgari u meni yoqtirmas edi.”

1. Inkor + o‘tmishdagi holat → didn’t use to.
2. Fe’l: like + me.

Misol: “Ilgari bu yerda bog‘ bormidi?”

1. Savol + there → Did there use to be...?

used to va Past Simple

Ikkalasi ham o‘tmish haqida, lekin farqi bor:

• I went to Paris in 2015.2015-yilda Parijga bordim. (bir marta)
• I used to go to Paris every summer.Har yozda Parijga borardim. (takrorlangan)
• I lived in Bukhara for five years.Buxoroda besh yil yashadim. (davr aniq)
• I used to live in Bukhara.Ilgari Buxoroda yashardim. (umumiy, hozir yo‘q)

Muhim: used to bilan aniq son yoki davr odatda aytilmaydi: I used to go there three times — xato. To‘g‘ri: I went there three times.

would bilan odatlar

O‘tmishdagi takrorlangan harakatlar uchun would ham ishlatiladi — ayniqsa xotiralar va hikoyalarda.

• Every summer we would go to the village.Har yozda qishloqqa borardik.
• My grandmother would tell us stories every evening.Buvim har oqshom bizga ertak aytib berardi.
• On Sundays we would have a big family lunch.Yakshanba kunlari katta oilaviy tushlik qilardik.

would va used to farqi

would — faqat takrorlangan harakatlar (play, go, visit, tell). Holat fe’llari (be, live, have, like, know) bilan faqat used to.

Hikoyada odatda avval used to bilan boshlanadi, keyin would bilan davom etadi:

When I was a child, we used to spend summers in the mountains. Every morning my grandfather would wake us up early and we would go fishing.

be used to va get used to

Bu ikki ibora butunlay boshqa ma’no beradi: “ko‘nikkan bo‘lmoq”. Ulardan keyin -ing yoki ot keladi.

be used to — ko‘nikkan bo‘lmoq

Biror narsa sizga odatiy, tanish — u sizga endi qiyin yoki g‘alati emas.

• I am used to getting up early.Erta turishga ko‘nikkanman.
• She is used to the cold. She’s from Moscow.U sovuqqa ko‘nikkan. U Moskvadan.
• We aren’t used to spicy food.Biz achchiq ovqatga ko‘nikmaganmiz.
• Are you used to living alone?Yolg‘iz yashashga ko‘nikdingizmi?

get used to — ko‘nikmoq (jarayon)

Biror narsaga asta-sekin ko‘nikish jarayoni.

• You will get used to the weather.Ob-havoga ko‘nikasiz.
• I’m getting used to my new job.Yangi ishimga ko‘nikib boryapman.
• It took me a year to get used to living in London.Londonda yashashga ko‘nikishim uchun bir yil kerak bo‘ldi.
• I can’t get used to driving on the left.Chap tomondan haydashga ko‘nika olmayapman.

Muhim: be / get used to dan keyin to — predlog! Shuning uchun undan keyin -ing: I’m used to getting up (to get up emas).

Hozirgi zamonda yo‘q

used to faqat o‘tmish uchun. Hozirgi odatlar uchun Present Simple va usually ishlatiladi:

• I usually wake up early.Odatda erta turaman. (I use to wake up emas)
• She usually drinks tea.U odatda choy ichadi.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: used to + fe’l = ilgari qilardim. be used to + -ing = ko‘nikkanman. Bular butunlay boshqa narsa!

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Eski do‘stlar bilan

• — Do you remember our school?— Maktabimiz esingdami?
• — Of course! We used to sit together at the back.— Albatta! Orqada birga o‘tirardik.
• — And you used to be so quiet!— Sen juda jim eding!
• — Yes, I didn’t use to talk much. Now I can’t stop!— Ha, ilgari ko‘p gapirmasdim. Endi to‘xtay olmayman!
• — Did you use to play football with Sardor?— Sardor bilan futbol o‘ynarmidingiz?
• — Every day! We would play until it got dark.— Har kuni! Qorong‘i tushguncha o‘ynardik.

Hayot o‘zgarishi haqida

Life has changed a lot. When I was a student, I used to live in a small room with three friends. We didn’t use to have much money, so we used to cook at home. I used to stay up late and sleep until noon. Now I have a job and a family. I’m used to getting up at six and I’ve got used to being responsible. But sometimes I miss the old days!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (play) the piano when I was young. → used to play
2. She ___ (not / like) vegetables, but now she loves them. → didn’t use to like
3. ___ you ___ (live) in Samarkand? → Did / use to live
4. There ___ (be) a big tree here. → used to be
5. Erta turishga ko‘nikkanman. → I’m used to getting up early.
6. Yangi shaharga ko‘nikib boryapman. → I’m getting used to the new city.
7. Bolaligimda har yozda tog‘ga borardik. → When I was a child, we used to go / would go to the mountains every summer.
8. Xatoni toping: I didn’t used to drink coffee. → I didn’t use to drink coffee.

Qisqa xulosa

• used to + fe’l = ilgari bo‘lgan, endi yo‘q: I used to smoke.
• Inkor: didn’t use to; savol: Did you use to...? (d siz!)
• O‘tmishdagi odatlar va holatlar uchun.
• would — faqat takrorlangan harakatlar uchun, holatlar uchun emas.
• Bir martalik yoki aniq sonli voqea — Past Simple.
• Hozirgi odat uchun ishlatilmaydi — usually.
• be used to + -ing = ko‘nikkan; get used to + -ing = ko‘nikmoq.