Second Conditional

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Second Conditional — xayol shart gapi. “Agar men prezident bo‘lganimda...”, “Agar qanotim bo‘lganida...”, “Lotereya yutsam edi...” Siz prezident emassiz, qanotingiz yo‘q, lotereya yutish ehtimoli juda kam. Bu shunchaki orzu yoki xayoliy vaziyat.

O‘zbekchada bu -ganimda, -sa edi + -ardim shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi: pulim bo‘lganida, uy olardim.

• If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house.Bir million dollarim bo‘lganida, uy sotib olardim.
• If I were a bird, I would fly.Qush bo‘lganimda, uchardim.

Tuzoqqa tushmang! Bu gapda o‘tgan zamon shakli (had, were, knew) ishlatiladi, lekin vaqt o‘tmish emas — hozir yoki kelajak. If I had money — “pulim bor edi” emas, balki “pulim bo‘lganida” (hozir yo‘q).

Mantiq shunday: o‘tgan zamon shakli bu yerda vaqtdan emas, haqiqatdan uzoqlikni ko‘rsatadi. Vaziyat vaqt jihatdan emas, ehtimol jihatdan uzoq.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Second Conditional qanday tuziladi.
2. Hozirgi xayoliy va kam ehtimolli kelajak holatlar.
3. If I were you — maslahat berish.
4. 1-tur va 2-tur farqi: real yoki xayoliy.
5. would o‘rnida could va might.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Qanday tuziladi?

would hamma shaxsda bir xil, qisqasi — ’d: I’d, you’d, he’d, she’d, we’d, they’d.

• If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house.Bir million dollarim bo‘lganida, uy sotib olardim.
• If I knew her number, I would call her.Uning raqamini bilganimda, qo‘ng‘iroq qilardim.
• If you lived here, you’d see the sea every day.Bu yerda yashaganingizda, har kuni dengizni ko‘rardingiz.
• What would you do if you won the lottery?Lotereya yutsangiz, nima qilardingiz?
• If he spoke English, he would get a better job.U inglizcha gapirganida, yaxshiroq ish topardi.

Inkor

Inkor if qismida ham, natija qismida ham bo‘lishi mumkin:

• If I didn’t have a job, I would travel the world.Ishim bo‘lmaganida, dunyo bo‘ylab sayohat qilardim.
• If I had a car, I wouldn’t take the bus.Mashinam bo‘lganida, avtobusga chiqmasdim.
• If she wasn’t so busy, she would visit us more often.U bunchalik band bo‘lmaganida, bizga tez-tez kelardi.

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. Hozirgi xayoliy holat

Haqiqatda bunday emas, lekin biz tasavvur qilamiz.

• If I were taller, I would play basketball.Bo‘yim balandroq bo‘lganida, basketbol o‘ynardim. (aslida past)
• If I had more time, I would learn Spanish.Vaqtim ko‘proq bo‘lganida, ispan tilini o‘rganardim. (aslida vaqtim yo‘q)
• If we lived in the city, we wouldn’t need a car.Shaharda yashaganimizda, mashina kerak bo‘lmasdi. (aslida qishloqda yashaymiz)

Haqiqatni qarama-qarshi gap bilan solishtiring:

• I don’t have a car, so I take the bus.Mashinam yo‘q, shuning uchun avtobusga chiqaman. (haqiqat)
• If I had a car, I wouldn’t take the bus.Mashinam bo‘lganida, avtobusga chiqmasdim. (xayol)

2. Kelajakdagi kam ehtimolli holat

Bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin ehtimoli juda kam.

• If I won the lottery, I’d travel around the world.Lotereya yutsam, dunyo bo‘ylab sayohat qilardim.
• If an alien landed in your garden, what would you do?Bog‘ingizga o‘zga sayyoralik qo‘nsa, nima qilardingiz?
• If I became president, I would build more schools.Prezident bo‘lsam, ko‘proq maktab qurardim.

3. Muloyim taklif va iltimos

Ba’zan 2-tur gap muloyimroq eshitilishi uchun ishlatiladi:

• It would be great if you could help me.Yordam bera olsangiz, ajoyib bo‘lardi.
• Would you mind if I opened the window?Derazani ochsam maylimi?

If I were you

to be fe’li bilan 2-tur gapda hamma shaxsda were ishlatilishi mumkin (rasmiy va to‘g‘ri uslub). Bu ayniqsa maslahat berishda juda keng tarqalgan.

• If I were you, I’d take the job.Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda, bu ishni olardim.
• If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that car.Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lsam, u mashinani olmasdim.
• If I were you, I’d talk to her.Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda, u bilan gaplashardim.
• If I were in your position, I would apologise.Sizning ahvolingizda bo‘lganimda, kechirim so‘rardim.

were yoki was?

• If she were here, she would know what to do.U bu yerda bo‘lganida, nima qilishni bilardi. (rasmiy)
• If she was here, she would know what to do.(so‘zlashuv)

Imtihon va rasmiy yozuvda were ishlating. If I were you — doim shu shaklda.

1-tur va 2-tur farqi

Ikki tur o‘rtasidagi tanlov sizning ishonchingizga bog‘liq: bu real imkoniyatmi yoki xayolmi?

• If I win the match, I’ll be happy.O‘yinda yutsam, xursand bo‘laman. (haqiqiy imkoniyat)
• If I won the lottery, I’d travel.Lotereya yutsam, sayohat qilardim. (deyarli imkonsiz)
• If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.Ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolamiz. (bo‘lishi mumkin)
• If it snowed in Tashkent in July, I’d be very surprised.Toshkentda iyulda qor yog‘sa, juda hayron bo‘lardim. (deyarli imkonsiz)

Bir xil vaziyat haqida ham ikkala tur ishlatilishi mumkin — gapiruvchining fikriga qarab:

• If I get the job, I’ll move to Tashkent.Ishga olinsam, Toshkentga ko‘chaman. (umidim bor)
• If I got the job, I’d move to Tashkent.Ishga olinsam edi, Toshkentga ko‘chardim. (umidim kam)

would o‘rnida could va might

Natija qismida would o‘rniga boshqa modal fe’llar ham kelishi mumkin:

• If I had time, I could help you.Vaqtim bo‘lganida, yordam bera olardim.
• If she studied, she might pass.O‘qisa edi, balki o‘tardi.
• If I spoke French, I could work in Paris.Fransuzcha gapirganimda, Parijda ishlay olardim.
• If you asked him, he might say yes.Undan so‘rasangiz, balki rozi bo‘lardi.

if qismida ham could kelishi mumkin — “-a olsam” ma’nosida:

• If I could fly, I would visit every country.Ucha olganimda, har bir davlatga borardim.
• If I could speak English, I would get a better job.Inglizcha gapira olganimda, yaxshiroq ish topardim.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Pulim bo‘lganida, mashina sotib olardim.”

1. Haqiqat: pulim yo‘q.
2. Xayol qismi: If + Past Simple → If I had money.
3. Natija qismi: would + fe’l → I would buy a car.

Misol: “Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda, shifokorga borardim.”

1. Maslahat → If I were you.
2. Natija: I’d see a doctor.

Misol: “Agar uning manzilini bilganimda, unga xat yozardim.”

1. Haqiqat: manzilini bilmayman.
2. If + Past Simple: if I knew her address.
3. Natija: I would write to her.

Misol: “Bir million dollar yutsangiz, nima qilardingiz?”

1. Savol: What + would you do.
2. Shart: if you won a million dollars.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: if qismida — Past Simple (would emas!), natija qismida — would + fe’l. Vaqt — hozir yoki kelajak, o‘tmish emas.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Orzular haqida suhbat

• — What would you do if you had a lot of money?— Ko‘p pulingiz bo‘lganida, nima qilardingiz?
• — I’d buy a big house for my parents.— Ota-onam uchun katta uy olardim.
• — And if you didn’t have to work?— Ishlashingiz shart bo‘lmaganida-chi?
• — I’d travel! I’d visit Japan, Brazil and Egypt.— Sayohat qilardim! Yaponiya, Braziliya va Misrga borardim.
• — Me too. But if I travelled so much, I would miss my family.— Men ham. Lekin bunchalik ko‘p sayohat qilganimda, oilamni sog‘inardim.

Do‘stga maslahat

• — My boss is always angry with me. What should I do?— Boshlig‘im doim mendan norozi. Nima qilsam bo‘ladi?
• — If I were you, I’d talk to him.— Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda, u bilan gaplashardim.
• — But what if he got angrier?— Agar u yana ham jahli chiqsa-chi?
• — He wouldn’t. And if he did, you could look for a new job!— Chiqmasdi. Agar chiqsa ham, yangi ish izlashingiz mumkin bo‘lardi!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. If I ___ (have) a car, I ___ (drive) to work. → had / would drive
2. If she ___ (know) the answer, she ___ (tell) us. → knew / would tell
3. ___ I were you, I ___ (not / go). → If / wouldn’t go
4. What ___ you ___ (do) if you ___ (see) a ghost? → would / do / saw
5. Vaqtim bo‘lganida, sizga yordam berardim. → If I had time, I would help you.
6. Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda, bu ishni olmasdim. → If I were you, I wouldn’t take this job.
7. Inglizcha gapira olganimda, chet elda ishlardim. → If I could speak English, I would work abroad.
8. Xatoni toping: If I would be rich, I would buy a plane. → If I were rich, I would buy a plane.

Qisqa xulosa

• Tuzilishi: If + Past Simple, would + fe’l.
• Hozirgi xayoliy holat yoki kam ehtimolli kelajak.
• O‘tgan zamon shakli, lekin hozirgi ma’no: If I had = agar bo‘lganida.
• if qismida would ishlatilmaydi.
• Maslahat: If I were you, I’d...
• Rasmiy uslubda hamma shaxsda were.
• 1-tur — real imkoniyat (will), 2-tur — xayol (would).
• Natijada could (imkoniyat) va might (ehtimol) ham bo‘ladi.