Past Simple — O‘tgan oddiy zamon: qoida va misollar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Past Simple — “ish bo‘ldi va tugadi” zamoni. O‘tmishdagi voqeani hikoya qilganda, kecha, o‘tgan yili yoki bolaligingizda nima bo‘lganini aytganda ishlatiladi. O‘zbekchadagi -di shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi: bordim, ko‘rdi, yedik, o‘qishdi.

Bir misol: kecha kechqurun film ko‘rdingiz. Film boshlandi va tugadi — voqea to‘liq o‘tmishda qoldi. Inglizcha: I watched a film last night.

Xushxabar: bu zamonda hamma shaxs uchun fe’l bir xil. I went, she went, they went. Present Simple’dagi -s muammosi yo‘q. Yagona qiyinchilik — noto‘g‘ri fe’llarni yodlash.

Bo‘lishliHamma shaxs: fe’l-ed yoki 2-shakl: I worked, she went

Bo‘lishsizdidn’t + fe’l: I didn’t work

So‘roqDid + ega + fe’l: Did you work?

Qisqa javobYes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

Past Simple qachon ishlatiladi.
To‘g‘ri fe’llar: -ed qo‘shish qoidalari va talaffuzi.
Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar bilan birinchi tanishuv.
Inkor va savolda did qanday ishlaydi.
Payt so‘zlari: yesterday, last, ago.
Hikoya qilish va eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. O‘tmishda tugagan bitta voqea

Vaqti ko‘pincha aytiladi yoki suhbatdan ma’lum.

I watched a film last night.Kecha kechqurun film ko‘rdim.
We went to Samarkand in June.Iyunda Samarqandga bordik.
She called me two hours ago.U menga ikki soat oldin qo‘ng‘iroq qildi.
My grandfather died in 2010.Bobom 2010-yilda vafot etgan.

2. Ketma-ket voqealar (hikoya)

Bir voqea ortidan ikkinchisi — hikoyaning asosi.

I got up, had breakfast and went to work.Turdim, nonushta qildim va ishga bordim.
He opened the door, looked around and left.U eshikni ochdi, atrofga qaradi va ketdi.

3. O‘tmishdagi odat va doimiy holat

Ilgari takrorlangan yoki uzoq vaqt davom etgan, lekin endi tugagan holatlar.

When I was a child, I played football every day.Bolaligimda har kuni futbol o‘ynardim.
We lived in Bukhara for ten years.Biz Buxoroda o‘n yil yashadik. (endi yashamaymiz)
My grandmother worked as a teacher.Buvim o‘qituvchi bo‘lib ishlagan.

O‘zbekchada bunday odatlar ko‘pincha -ardim, -ar edi bilan aytiladi: o‘ynardim, borardik. Inglizchada esa oddiy Past Simple (yoki used to).

To‘g‘ri fe’llar: -ed qo‘shish

Ko‘pchilik fe’llar o‘tgan zamonda -ed oladi. Bular to‘g‘ri fe’llar (regular verbs).

Qoida	Misollar
Ko‘pchilik fe’llar: + ed	work → worked, play → played, watch → watched
Oxiri -e: + d	live → lived, like → liked, arrive → arrived
Undosh + y: y → ied	study → studied, cry → cried, try → tried
Unli + y: + ed	play → played, stay → stayed, enjoy → enjoyed
Bir bo‘g‘inli, unli + undosh: undosh ikkilanadi	stop → stopped, plan → planned, drop → dropped

I worked until 9 pm yesterday.Kecha kechki 9 gacha ishladim.
We lived in a small flat.Biz kichik kvartirada yashadik.
She studied medicine in Moscow.U Moskvada tibbiyotni o‘qigan.
The bus stopped suddenly.Avtobus to‘satdan to‘xtadi.
They enjoyed the concert.Ularga konsert yoqdi.

-ed ning talaffuzi

Yozuvda bir xil bo‘lsa ham, -ed uch xil o‘qiladi. Bu og‘zaki nutqda muhim.

“t” kabiworked, stopped, watched, looked (p, k, s, sh, ch dan keyin)

“d” kabiplayed, lived, opened, called (unli va jarangli tovushlardan keyin)

“id” kabiwanted, needed, started (t yoki d dan keyin — alohida bo‘g‘in)

Eng muhimi — “id” holati: wanted — “von-tid”, needed — “ni-did”. Boshqa holatlarda -ed alohida bo‘g‘in bo‘lmaydi: worked — “vorkt” (vor-ked emas!).

Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar

Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’llarning o‘tgan zamon shakli -ed bilan yasalmaydi — ular alohida yodlanadi. Bu fe’llar “Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar” darsida to‘liq jadval bilan berilgan. Quyida eng muhimlari:

1-shakl	Past Simple	Ma’nosi
go	went	bormoq
come	came	kelmoq
see	saw	ko‘rmoq
have	had	ega bo‘lmoq
do	did	qilmoq
make	made	yasamoq
get	got	olmoq
take	took	olmoq
eat	ate	yemoq
drink	drank	ichmoq
buy	bought	sotib olmoq
say	said	aytmoq
tell	told	aytib bermoq
give	gave	bermoq
write	wrote	yozmoq
meet	met	uchrashmoq

We went to the cinema.Kinoga bordik.
I saw your brother in the market.Akangizni bozorda ko‘rdim.
She bought a new dress.U yangi ko‘ylak oldi.
They came home late.Ular uyga kech kelishdi.
I had a terrible headache.Boshim qattiq og‘ridi.

Inkor gap: didn’t

Inkor gapda fe’ldan oldin didn’t (did not) qo‘yiladi va fe’l asosiy shaklga qaytadi.

InkorEga + didn’t + fe’lning asosiy shakli

Eng muhim qoida: did zamonni o‘ziga oladi. Shuning uchun fe’l o‘tgan zamonda bo‘lmaydi. O‘tgan zamon gapda faqat bir marta ko‘rsatiladi.

DarakShe went home.

InkorShe didn’t go home. (didn’t went emas!)

I didn’t see him yesterday.Kecha uni ko‘rmadim.
She didn’t call me.U menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi.
We didn’t have time.Vaqtimiz yo‘q edi.
They didn’t like the food.Ularga ovqat yoqmadi.
He didn’t go to school.U maktabga bormadi.

Savol gap: Did

Savol uchun gap boshiga Did qo‘yiladi. Fe’l yana asosiy shaklda.

Ha/yo‘q savoliDid + ega + fe’l ...?

So‘roq so‘zi bilanSo‘roq so‘zi + did + ega + fe’l ...?

Did you see him?Uni ko‘rdingizmi?
Did she like the present?Unga sovg‘a yoqdimi?
When did they arrive?Ular qachon kelishdi?
Where did you go on holiday?Ta’tilda qayerga bordingiz?
What did you do yesterday?Kecha nima qildingiz?
Why did he leave?U nega ketdi?
How did you find this place?Bu joyni qanday topdingiz?

Savol	Ha	Yo‘q
Did you call her?	Yes, I did.	No, I didn’t.
Did he come?	Yes, he did.	No, he didn’t.
Did they win?	Yes, they did.	No, they didn’t.

Who bilan: did kerak emas

Who yoki What gapning egasi haqida so‘rasa, did ishlatilmaydi:

Who called you?Sizga kim qo‘ng‘iroq qildi? (who — ega)
Who did you call?Kimga qo‘ng‘iroq qildingiz? (who — to‘ldiruvchi)
What happened?Nima bo‘ldi?

Payt so‘zlari

Past Simple ko‘pincha aniq o‘tgan vaqtni bildiruvchi so‘zlar bilan keladi.

So‘z	Ma’nosi	Misol
yesterday	kecha	I saw him yesterday.
last night / week / month / year	o‘tgan kecha / hafta / oy / yil	We met last year.
... ago	... oldin	two days ago, an hour ago
in + yil / oy	...da	in 2015, in May
on + kun	...kuni	on Monday
when I was a child	bolaligimda	When I was ten, I lived in Fergana.
then, after that	keyin	Then we went home.

ago

Ago “oldin” degani va boshqa predloglardan farqli, vaqtdan keyin keladi: two days ago, a week ago, ten minutes ago.

I came here three years ago.Bu yerga uch yil oldin kelganman.
The film started ten minutes ago.Film o‘n daqiqa oldin boshlandi.

Before two days — xato. To‘g‘ri: two days ago.

last bilan predlog ishlatilmaydi: last week (in last week emas), last Monday (on last Monday emas).

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Kecha akam mashina sotib oldi.”

Ega: my brother.
Fe’l 2-shaklda: buy → bought (noto‘g‘ri fe’l).
To‘ldiruvchi: a car.
Vaqt: yesterday (oxirida).

NatijaMy brother bought a car yesterday.

Misol: “Biz uni kutmadik.”

Ega: we.
Inkor: didn’t + asosiy shakl → didn’t wait.
Qolgani: for him.

NatijaWe didn’t wait for him.

Misol: “Ta’tilda qayerga bordingiz?”

So‘roq so‘zi: Where.
Yordamchi: did.
Ega: you. Fe’l: go (asosiy shakl).
Qolgani: on holiday.

NatijaWhere did you go on holiday?

was / were va Past Simple

to be (was, were) va oddiy fe’llar o‘tgan zamonda boshqacha ishlaydi:

	to be	Oddiy fe’l
Bo‘lishli	I was tired.	I worked hard.
Inkor	I wasn’t tired.	I didn’t work.
Savol	Were you tired?	Did you work?

I didn’t be yoki Did you be — xato. I was work — ham xato.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I didn’t went.~~

✓ I didn’t go.

didn’t dan keyin fe’l asosiy shaklda keladi.

✗ ~~Did you saw it?~~

✓ Did you see it?

did bo‘lsa, fe’l o‘zgarmaydi.

✗ ~~I go there yesterday.~~

✓ I went there yesterday.

yesterday o‘tgan zamonni talab qiladi.

✗ ~~She buyed a car.~~

✓ She bought a car.

buy — noto‘g‘ri fe’l.

✗ ~~I was go to school.~~

✓ I went to school.

Oddiy fe’l bilan was kerak emas.

✗ ~~before two days~~

✓ two days ago

“oldin” — ago, vaqtdan keyin.

✗ ~~in last week~~

✓ last week

last bilan predlog yo‘q.

✗ ~~He studyed a lot.~~

✓ He studied a lot.

undosh + y → ied.

✗ ~~We stoped the car.~~

✓ We stopped the car.

undosh ikkilanadi.

✗ ~~Where you went?~~

✓ Where did you go?

Savolda did + asosiy shakl.

✗ ~~Who did call you?~~

✓ Who called you?

Ega haqida savolda did yo‘q.

Eslab qoling: o‘tgan zamon gapda faqat bir marta ko‘rsatiladi: yo fe’lda (went), yo did da (didn’t go).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Dam olish kunlari haqida

— What did you do at the weekend?— Dam olish kunlari nima qildingiz?
— On Saturday I cleaned the house and cooked plov.— Shanba kuni uyni tozaladim va palov pishirdim.
— Did you go out?— Tashqariga chiqdingizmi?
— Yes, on Sunday we went to the park and had ice cream.— Ha, yakshanba kuni bog‘ga bordik va muzqaymoq yedik.
— Did the kids enjoy it?— Bolalarga yoqdimi?
— Yes, they did. They played for hours.— Ha. Soatlab o‘ynashdi.

Kichik hikoya

Last summer my family and I visited Khiva. We took the train from Tashkent. The journey was long, but we didn’t mind. We arrived early in the morning and went straight to the old city. We walked for hours, took a lot of photos and ate delicious shivit oshi. In the evening we watched the sunset from the city walls. It was a wonderful trip.

Matndagi har bir fe’lga qarang: qaysilari -ed bilan (to‘g‘ri), qaysilari alohida shaklda (noto‘g‘ri)?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

I ___ (watch) TV last night. → watched
She ___ (go) to Bukhara in May. → went
We ___ (not / see) the film. → didn’t see
___ you ___ (call) your mother? → Did / call
U kecha kelmadi. → He didn’t come yesterday.
Qachon uylandingiz? → When did you get married?
Ikki hafta oldin Samarqandga bordim. → I went to Samarkand two weeks ago.
Xatoni toping: Did she bought it? → Did she buy it?

Qisqa xulosa

Tugagan ish, vaqti aniq: yesterday, last year, two days ago.
Hamma shaxs uchun bir xil shakl: I / she / they worked.
To‘g‘ri fe’l -ed (worked, lived, studied, stopped), noto‘g‘ri fe’l — 2-shakl (went, saw, bought).
Inkor: didn’t + asosiy fe’l.
Savol: Did + ega + asosiy fe’l?
did bo‘lsa, fe’l o‘tgan zamonda bo‘lmaydi.
ago vaqtdan keyin: three days ago; last bilan predlog yo‘q.
-ed talaffuzi: t / d / id (wanted, needed — “id”).