Present Continuous — Hozirgi davomli zamon

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Present Continuous — “xuddi hozir” zamoni. Telefoningizda video yozayotganingizni tasavvur qiling: ish boshlangan, lekin hali tugamagan, siz aynan uning o‘rtasidasiz. O‘zbekchada bu -yapman, -yapsan, -yapti shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi: o‘qiyapman, yeyapti, gaplashyapmiz.

Ikki zamonni solishtiring:

Present Simple — fotoalbomdagi umumiy holat: I teach English (Men o‘qituvchiman, bu mening ishim).
Present Continuous — hozirgi jonli lavha: I am teaching now (Hozir dars beryapman).

I teach English.Men ingliz tilidan dars beraman. (kasbim)
I am teaching a lesson now.Hozir dars beryapman. (ayni damda)

Tuzilishiam / is / are + fe’l-ing

Bo‘lishliI’m working. She’s working. They’re working.

Bo‘lishsizI’m not working. She isn’t working.

So‘roqAre you working? Is she working?

Qisqa javobYes, I am. / No, she isn’t.

Bu zamon ikki qismdan iborat va ikkalasi ham shart: to be (am / is / are) va fe’l + ing. Birini tashlab ketsangiz, gap xato bo‘ladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

Present Continuous qanday tuziladi.
-ing qo‘shishning imlo qoidalari.
Bu zamon ishlatiladigan beshta asosiy holat.
Inkor, savol va qisqa javoblar.
Davomli shaklda ishlatilmaydigan fe’llar (know, want, like).
Present Simple va Present Continuous farqi.

Qanday tuziladi?

Avval egaga mos to be tanlanadi, keyin asosiy fe’lga -ing qo‘shiladi.

Ega	to be	fe’l + ing	Qisqa shakli
I	am	working	I’m working
you	are	working	you’re working
he / she / it	is	working	he’s / she’s / it’s working
we	are	working	we’re working
they	are	working	they’re working

I am reading a book.Men kitob o‘qiyapman.
You are speaking too fast.Siz juda tez gapiryapsiz.
He is sleeping.U uxlayapti.
We are watching TV.Biz televizor ko‘ryapmiz.
They are playing football.Ular futbol o‘ynayapti.

-ing qo‘shish qoidalari

Ko‘pchilik fe’llarga shunchaki -ing qo‘shiladi. Lekin ba’zi holatlarda imlo o‘zgaradi.

Qoida	Misollar
Ko‘pchilik fe’llar: + ing	read → reading, play → playing, go → going
Oxiri -e: e tushadi	write → writing, come → coming, make → making
Bir bo‘g‘inli, unli + undosh: undosh ikkilanadi	sit → sitting, run → running, swim → swimming
Oxiri -ie: ie → y	lie → lying, die → dying, tie → tying
Oxiri -ee: o‘zgarmaydi	see → seeing, agree → agreeing

Undosh qachon ikkilanadi?

Bu qoida eng ko‘p chalkashtiradi. Undosh faqat quyidagi holatda ikkilanadi:

So‘z bir bo‘g‘inli (yoki urg‘u oxirgi bo‘g‘inda);
Oxirida bitta unli + bitta undosh.

sit → sittingi (unli) + t (undosh)
stop → stoppingo + p
get → gettinge + t
begin → beginningurg‘u oxirgi bo‘g‘inda

Ikkilanmaydi:

read → readingikkita unli (ea)
work → workingikkita undosh (rk)
play → playingy, w, x ikkilanmaydi
visit → visitingurg‘u birinchi bo‘g‘inda

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. Hozir, ayni paytda bo‘layotgan ishlar

Gapirayotgan paytingizda davom etayotgan harakat.

I am reading a book now.Men hozir kitob o‘qiyapman.
Look! It is raining.Qara! Yomg‘ir yog‘yapti.
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.Jim bo‘ling! Chaqaloq uxlayapti.
Where is Ali? — He is having a shower.Ali qani? — Dush qabul qilyapti.
Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.Eshiting! Kimdir eshik taqillatyapti.

2. Shu davrda, vaqtinchalik bo‘layotgan ishlar

“Hozir” faqat shu soniya emas, shu kunlar, shu hafta, shu yil ham bo‘lishi mumkin. Ayni damda bajarilmasa ham, ish davom etmoqda.

I’m reading a great book.Ajoyib kitob o‘qiyapman. (ayni damda qo‘limda bo‘lmasa ham)
She’s learning English this year.U bu yil ingliz tilini o‘rganyapti.
My brother is working in Moscow this month.Akam shu oy Moskvada ishlayapti.
We are building a new house.Biz yangi uy quryapmiz.
She is staying with her aunt this week.U bu hafta ammasinikida turibdi. (vaqtincha)

3. O‘zgarib borayotgan holatlar

Asta-sekin o‘zgarayotgan, rivojlanayotgan narsalar.

Prices are rising.Narxlar oshyapti.
The weather is getting colder.Havo sovib boryapti.
Your English is improving.Ingliz tilingiz yaxshilanyapti.
The city is growing fast.Shahar tez o‘syapti.

4. Rejalashtirilgan kelajak

Aniq kelishilgan, rejalashtirilgan ishlar haqida. Odatda vaqt so‘zi bilan keladi: tomorrow, tonight, next week.

We are meeting Ali tomorrow.Ertaga Ali bilan uchrashamiz. (kelishilgan)
I’m flying to Istanbul on Friday.Jumada Istanbulga uchaman. (chipta olingan)
What are you doing tonight?Bugun kechqurun nima qilyapsiz?
She is getting married next month.U kelasi oy turmushga chiqyapti.

5. always bilan: g‘ashga tegadigan odat

always bilan Present Continuous norozilik bildiradi: “doim shunday qiladi, jonga tegdi!”

He is always losing his keys!U doim kalitini yo‘qotadi!
You are always complaining!Doim shikoyat qilasan!

Payt so‘zlari

So‘z	Ma’nosi
now, right now	hozir, ayni hozir
at the moment	ayni damda
today, this week, this year	bugun, shu hafta, shu yil
currently	hozirgi paytda
Look! Listen!	Qara! Eshit!
still	hali ham

Inkor gap

am / is / are dan keyin not qo‘shiladi. Boshqa yordamchi (do, does) kerak emas.

II’m not working.

he / she / itHe isn’t working.

you / we / theyThey aren’t working.

She isn’t cooking.U ovqat pishirmayapti.
I’m not watching TV. You can turn it off.Televizor ko‘rmayapman. O‘chirishingiz mumkin.
They aren’t listening to me.Ular meni tinglamayapti.
It isn’t raining now.Hozir yomg‘ir yog‘mayapti.

Savol va qisqa javoblar

Savolda am / is / are egadan oldinga chiqadi.

Ha/yo‘q savoliAm / Is / Are + ega + fe’l-ing ...?

So‘roq so‘zi bilanSo‘roq so‘zi + am / is / are + ega + fe’l-ing ...?

Is she cooking?U ovqat pishiryaptimi?
Are you listening to me?Meni tinglayapsizmi?
What are you doing?Nima qilyapsiz?
Where are you going?Qayerga ketyapsiz?
Why is the baby crying?Chaqaloq nega yig‘layapti?
Who are you talking to?Kim bilan gaplashyapsiz?

Savol	Ha	Yo‘q
Are you working?	Yes, I am.	No, I’m not.
Is he sleeping?	Yes, he is.	No, he isn’t.
Are they coming?	Yes, they are.	No, they aren’t.

Davomli shaklda ishlatilmaydigan fe’llar

Ba’zi fe’llar harakatni emas, holatni bildiradi. Ular odatda -ing olmaydi, hatto “hozir” ma’nosida ham Present Simple’da qoladi.

Guruh	Fe’llar
His-tuyg‘u	like, love, hate, want, need, prefer
Fikr va bilim	know, understand, believe, remember, forget, mean, think (fikrda)
Egalik	have (egalik), own, belong
Sezgi	see, hear, smell, taste
Holat	be, seem, cost, contain

I know the answer.Javobni bilaman. (I am knowing emas)
I don’t understand you.Sizni tushunmayapman. (I am not understanding emas)
She wants a coffee now.U hozir qahva xohlayapti. (is wanting emas)
Do you hear that noise?Shu shovqinni eshityapsizmi?
This bag costs a lot.Bu sumka qimmat turadi.

O‘zbekchada “tushunmayapman”, “bilyapman” deymiz (-yap shakli). Inglizchada esa bu fe’llar oddiy shaklda qoladi. Bu juda muhim farq.

Ikki ma’noli fe’llar

Ba’zi fe’llar bir ma’noda holat, boshqa ma’noda harakat bo‘ladi:

I think you are right.Menimcha, siz haqsiz. (fikr — holat)
I’m thinking about my exam.Imtihonim haqida o‘ylayapman. (o‘ylash jarayoni)
I have a car.Mashinam bor. (egalik)
I’m having lunch.Tushlik qilyapman. (harakat)
This soup tastes good.Bu sho‘rva mazali. (holat)
She’s tasting the soup.U sho‘rvani tatib ko‘ryapti. (harakat)

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “U (qiz) hozir ovqat pishiryapti.”

Ega: she.
To be: she → is.
Fe’l + -ing: cook → cooking.
Vaqt: hozir → now.

NatijaShe is cooking now.

Misol: “Siz nima qilyapsiz?”

So‘roq so‘zi: nima → What.
To be: you → are (egadan oldin).
Ega: you.
Fe’l + -ing: do → doing.

NatijaWhat are you doing?

Misol: “Ular meni tinglamayapti.”

Ega: they → are.
Inkor: aren’t.
Fe’l + -ing: listen → listening + to me.

NatijaThey aren’t listening to me.

Present Simple va Present Continuous

Bu ikki zamonni farqlash juda muhim. Quyidagi jadvalga diqqat bilan qarang.

Present Simple	Present Continuous
Odat: I drink tea every day.	Hozir: I am drinking tea now.
Doimiy: I live in Tashkent.	Vaqtincha: I’m living with my aunt this month.
Umumiy haqiqat: Water boils at 100°C.	Jarayon: The water is boiling.
Jadval: The train leaves at 6.	Shaxsiy reja: I’m leaving at 6.
always, usually, every day	now, at the moment, today

I usually walk to work, but today I’m taking a taxi.Odatda ishga piyoda boraman, lekin bugun taksida ketyapman.
She speaks three languages. Now she is speaking French.U uch tilda gapiradi. Hozir fransuzcha gapiryapti.
I live in Tashkent, but this week I’m staying in Bukhara.Toshkentda yashayman, lekin shu hafta Buxoroda turibman.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I am know him.~~

✓ I know him.

know davomli shaklda ishlatilmaydi.

✗ ~~She working now.~~

✓ She is working now.

to be fe’li shart.

✗ ~~I am wanting tea.~~

✓ I want tea.

want holat bildiradi.

✗ ~~Do you working?~~

✓ Are you working?

Savolda do emas, am / is / are.

✗ ~~He is writeing.~~

✓ He is writing.

e tushib qoladi.

✗ ~~They are siting.~~

✓ They are sitting.

t ikkilanadi.

✗ ~~I don’t understanding.~~

✓ I don’t understand.

understand — holat fe’li.

✗ ~~What you are doing?~~

✓ What are you doing?

Savolda to be egadan oldin.

✗ ~~She is work.~~

✓ She is working.

Fe’lga -ing qo‘shiladi.

✗ ~~I am go to school every day.~~

✓ I go to school every day.

Odat — Present Simple.

Eslab qoling: Present Continuous = am / is / are + -ing. Ikkalasi ham bo‘lishi shart.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Telefonda

— Hi, Dilshod! What are you doing?— Salom, Dilshod! Nima qilyapsan?
— I’m sitting in a cafe. I’m waiting for my sister.— Kafeda o‘tiribman. Opamni kutyapman.
— Is it raining there?— U yerda yomg‘ir yog‘yaptimi?
— No, the sun is shining.— Yo‘q, quyosh charaqlab turibdi.

Rasmni tasvirlash

In this picture, it is a sunny day. A family is having a picnic in the park. The father is cooking shashlik. The mother is pouring tea. Two children are playing with a ball, and a little dog is running after them. Everyone is smiling.

Rasmni tasvirlash (masalan, imtihonlarda) — Present Continuous’ning eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan joylaridan biri.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

Look! The bus ___ (come). → is coming
I ___ (not / watch) TV now. → am not watching
___ you ___ (listen) to me? → Are / listening
She ___ (write) a letter. → is writing
Men sizni tushunmayapman. → I don’t understand you.
Ular hozir nima qilyapti? → What are they doing now?
Ertaga do‘stim bilan uchrashyapman. → I’m meeting my friend tomorrow.
Narxlar oshyapti. → Prices are rising.

Qisqa xulosa

Tuzilishi: am / is / are + fe’l-ing.
Hozir va vaqtinchalik ishlar uchun: I’m reading now. She’s staying with us this week.
O‘zgarib borayotgan holatlar: Prices are rising.
Rejalashtirilgan kelajak: We’re meeting tomorrow.
Inkor: am / is / are + not; savol: Am / Is / Are egadan oldin.
-ing imlosi: write → writing, sit → sitting, lie → lying.
know, want, like, understand kabi holat fe’llari -ing olmaydi.
Odat va doimiy holat — Present Simple, hozir va vaqtinchalik — Present Continuous.