There is / There are

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbekchada “Stolda kitob bor”, “Shaharda bog‘ yo‘q” deymiz. Inglizchada “bor” va “yo‘q” uchun alohida so‘z yo‘q. Buning o‘rniga gap boshiga maxsus ibora qo‘yiladi: There is (birlik) yoki There are (ko‘plik).

Bu yerda there “u yerda” degan ma’noni bermaydi. U shunchaki gapni boshlab beradigan “bo‘sh ega”. Eslaysizmi, inglizcha gapda ega bo‘lishi shart? “Stolda kitob bor” gapida ega yo‘q, shuning uchun uning o‘rniga there qo‘yiladi.

Bu tuzilmani biror joydagi yangi narsani tanishtirish deb o‘ylang: “Diqqat, shu yerda bir narsa bor!”

BirlikThere is a book on the table.

Ko‘plikThere are two books on the table.

Bo‘lishsizThere isn’t a bank here. There aren’t any shops.

So‘roqIs there a bank here? Are there any shops?

Qisqa javobYes, there is. / No, there aren’t.

There is a park near my house.Uyim yaqinida bog‘ bor.
There are thirty students in our class.Sinfimizda o‘ttizta o‘quvchi bor.
There isn’t any milk.Sut yo‘q.
Are there any questions?Savollar bormi?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

there is va there are ni tanlash.
Inkor (yo‘q) va savol (bormi?) gaplar.
some, any, a lot of, many bilan ishlatish.
How many ...? are there savoli.
there is va have, there is va it is farqi.
O‘tgan va kelasi zamonlarda: there was, there will be.

There is yoki there are?

Tanlov keyingi otga qarab qilinadi.

There isbirlik ot: There is a cat.

There issanalmaydigan ot: There is some water.

There areko‘plik ot: There are two cats.

There is	There are
There is a cafe.	There are three cafes.
There is an apple.	There are some apples.
There is some milk.	There are many people.
There is a lot of traffic.	There are a lot of cars.

So‘zlashuvda There is ko‘pincha There’s deb qisqartiriladi: There’s a problem. There are odatda qisqartirilmaydi (yozuvda).

There’s a new shop in our street.Ko‘chamizda yangi do‘kon bor.
There are two bedrooms in the flat.Kvartirada ikkita yotoqxona bor.
There is some bread on the table.Stolda non bor.
There are a lot of tourists in Samarkand.Samarqandda sayyohlar ko‘p.

Inkor: “yo‘q”

“Yo‘q” deyish uchun is / are dan keyin not qo‘shiladi.

BirlikThere isn’t a ... : There isn’t a hospital here.

SanalmaydiganThere isn’t any ... : There isn’t any sugar.

Ko‘plikThere aren’t any ... : There aren’t any shops.

Kuchli inkorThere is no / There are no ... : There are no shops.

There isn’t a bank near here.Bu yaqinda bank yo‘q.
There isn’t any water in the bottle.Shishada suv yo‘q.
There aren’t any chairs in the room.Xonada stul yo‘q.
There are no buses after midnight.Yarim tundan keyin avtobus yo‘q.
There’s no time!Vaqt yo‘q!

Diqqat: no bilan not birga ishlatilmaydi. There isn’t no milk — xato. Yo There isn’t any milk, yo There is no milk.

Savol: “bormi?”

Savol uchun is / are ni there dan oldinga o‘tkazing. Ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan any qo‘shiladi.

BirlikIs there a ...? : Is there a pharmacy near here?

SanalmaydiganIs there any ...? : Is there any milk?

Ko‘plikAre there any ...? : Are there any good restaurants?

Is there a pharmacy near here?Bu yaqinda dorixona bormi?
Is there any coffee?Qahva bormi?
Are there any good restaurants in this area?Bu hududda yaxshi restoranlar bormi?
Is there a problem?Muammo bormi?

Qisqa javoblar

Savol	Ha	Yo‘q
Is there a bank here?	Yes, there is.	No, there isn’t.
Are there any eggs?	Yes, there are.	No, there aren’t.

Yes, there’s — xato. Bo‘lishli qisqa javobda qisqartma ishlatilmaydi: Yes, there is.

How many ...? va How much ...?

Sonini so‘rash uchun:

SanaladiganHow many + ko‘plik ot + are there...?

SanalmaydiganHow much + ot + is there...?

How many students are there in your class?Sinfingizda nechta o‘quvchi bor?
— There are twenty-five.— Yigirma beshta.
How many rooms are there in your house?Uyingizda nechta xona bor?
How much milk is there in the fridge?Muzlatgichda qancha sut bor?

What is there...? — “U yerda nima bor?” degan savol uchun:

What is there in the box?Qutida nima bor?
What is there to do in Khiva?Xivada nima qilish mumkin?

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Xonada ikkita deraza bor.”

Nechta? Ikkita → ko‘plik → There are.
Nima bor? two windows.
Qayerda? xonada → in the room (oxirida).

NatijaThere are two windows in the room.

O‘zbekchada joy boshida turadi (“Xonada...”), inglizchada esa oxirida. Bu juda muhim farq.

Misol: “Muzlatgichda sut yo‘q.”

Sut — sanalmaydi → There isn’t any.
Joy: muzlatgichda → in the fridge.

NatijaThere isn’t any milk in the fridge.

Misol: “Shahringizda metro bormi?”

Birlik (bitta metro) → Is there a.
Joy: in your city.

NatijaIs there a metro in your city?

Ro‘yxat bo‘lsa

Bir nechta narsa sanab o‘tilsa, fe’l birinchi narsaga moslashadi.

There is a table and two chairs.Stol va ikkita stul bor. (birinchisi “a table”)
There are two chairs and a table.Ikkita stul va stol bor. (birinchisi “two chairs”)
There is a sofa, a TV and some books.Divan, televizor va bir nechta kitob bor.

There is yoki have?

Ikkalasi ham o‘zbekchaga “bor” deb tarjima qilinadi, lekin ma’nosi farq qiladi.

havekimgadir tegishli: I have a car. (mening mashinam)

there isbiror joyda bor: There is a car in the street. (ko‘chada)

have (egalik)	there is (joyda borlik)
I have two brothers.	There are five people in my family.
My city has a beautiful park.	There is a beautiful park in my city.
She has a cat.	There is a cat in the garden.

Ikkinchi qatorga qarang: shahar haqida ikkala usul ham to‘g‘ri. Lekin “Mening shahrimda bog‘ bor” gapini In my city have a park deb tarjima qilish — xato. Bu o‘zbek o‘quvchilarining eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatosi.

There is va it is

There is narsaning borligini aytadi (birinchi marta). It is esa o‘sha narsani tasvirlaydi (ikkinchi marta).

There is a car outside. It is red.Tashqarida mashina bor. U qizil.
There’s a new cafe near the station. It’s very nice.Bekat yonida yangi kafe bor. U juda yaxshi.
There are two books on the desk. They are mine.Stol ustida ikkita kitob bor. Ular meniki.

It is ob-havo, vaqt va masofa haqida ham ishlatiladi, there is esa yo‘q: It is cold (there is cold emas), It is far (there is far emas).

Boshqa zamonlarda

There is tuzilmasi barcha zamonlarda ishlatiladi. Faqat to be fe’li zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi.

Zamon	Birlik	Ko‘plik
Hozirgi	There is	There are
O‘tgan	There was	There were
Kelasi	There will be	There will be
Present Perfect	There has been	There have been
Modal bilan	There can be / must be	There can be / must be

There was a shop here before.Ilgari bu yerda do‘kon bor edi.
There were many people at the wedding.To‘yda odam ko‘p edi.
There will be a meeting tomorrow.Ertaga yig‘ilish bo‘ladi.
There has been an accident.Baxtsiz hodisa yuz berdi.
There must be a mistake.Bu yerda xato bo‘lsa kerak.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yo‘l so‘rash

— Excuse me, is there a bank near here?— Kechirasiz, bu yaqinda bank bormi?
— Yes, there is. There’s one on Navoi Street.— Ha, bor. Navoiy ko‘chasida bittasi bor.
— Is there a bus to the centre?— Markazga avtobus bormi?
— Yes, there are buses every ten minutes.— Ha, har o‘n daqiqada avtobus bor.

Uy haqida gapirish

I live in a small flat. There are two rooms: a bedroom and a living room. There is a small kitchen too. There isn’t a balcony, but there are big windows. In the living room there is a sofa, a TV and some shelves. There aren’t any pictures on the walls yet.

Mehmonxonada

— Is there Wi-Fi in the room?— Xonada Wi-Fi bormi?
— Yes, there is. The password is on the card.— Ha, bor. Paroli kartochkada.
— Are there any towels?— Sochiqlar bormi?
— Yes, there are two in the bathroom.— Ha, hammomda ikkita bor.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~In my city have a big park.~~

✓ There is a big park in my city.

Joyda borlik there is bilan aytiladi.

✗ ~~There is many people.~~

✓ There are many people.

Ko‘plik uchun there are.

✗ ~~Is a bank here?~~

✓ Is there a bank here?

there tushib qolmaydi.

✗ ~~There are a book on the table.~~

✓ There is a book on the table.

Birlik uchun there is.

✗ ~~There isn’t no milk.~~

✓ There isn’t any milk.

not va no birga kelmaydi.

✗ ~~Yes, there’s.~~

✓ Yes, there is.

Bo‘lishli qisqa javobda qisqartma yo‘q.

✗ ~~How many students there are?~~

✓ How many students are there?

Savolda are there tartibi.

✗ ~~There is cold today.~~

✓ It is cold today.

Ob-havo — it is.

✗ ~~In the room there are two windows have.~~

✓ There are two windows in the room.

have kerak emas.

✗ ~~There were a shop here.~~

✓ There was a shop here.

Birlik — was.

Eslab qoling: “...da ... bor” degan o‘zbekcha gap → There is / are + nima + qayerda.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

___ a cat under the table. → There is
___ three cats in the garden. → There are
Shishada suv yo‘q. → There isn’t any water in the bottle.
Bu yaqinda dorixona bormi? → Is there a pharmacy near here?
Sinfingizda nechta o‘quvchi bor? → How many students are there in your class?
Kecha bu yerda odam ko‘p edi. → There were a lot of people here yesterday.
Mening shahrimda katta bozor bor. → There is a big market in my city.
Tashqarida mashina bor. U oq. → There is a car outside. It is white.

Qisqa xulosa

“Bor” = there is (birlik va sanalmaydigan), there are (ko‘plik).
“Yo‘q” = there isn’t / there aren’t (any) yoki there is no / there are no.
Savol: Is there...? Are there any...? Javob: Yes, there is. / No, there aren’t.
Sonini so‘rash: How many ... are there?
Joy gap oxirida keladi.
have — kimgadir tegishli, there is — biror joyda bor.
there is — borligini aytadi, it is — tasvirlaydi.
O‘tgan zamon: there was / were, kelasi: there will be.