Subject-Verb Agreement

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Hozirgi zamonda fe’l egaga moslashadi: She works, they work. Bu qoida juda sodda — ega birlikda bo‘lsa, fe’l ham birlikda; ega ko‘plikda bo‘lsa, fe’l ham ko‘plikda.

Lekin ega uzun yoki murakkab bo‘lganda adashib ketish oson. Odam ko‘pincha fe’lning yonidagi so‘zga qaraydi, haqiqiy egaga emas:

• The quality of these products is high.Bu mahsulotlarning sifati yuqori. (ega — quality, products emas!)
• The list of names was long.Ismlar ro‘yxati uzun edi. (ega — list)
• One of my friends lives in Seoul.Do‘stlarimdan biri Seulda yashaydi. (ega — one)

Asosiy usul: gapdan qo‘shimcha so‘zlarni (predlogli qismlarni) olib tashlab, gapning yadrosini — haqiqiy egani toping.

Bu moslik to be (is / are, was / were), have (has / have) va Present Simple’dagi -s da muhim.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Asosiy ega va yaqin so‘z — qanday ajratish.
2. -s bilan tugasa ham birlik: news, physics, mathematics.
3. Doim ko‘plik: people, police, jeans.
4. Murakkab holatlar: the number of, each of, neither ... nor.
5. Jamoa otlari: family, team, government.
6. there is / there are, miqdor va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Yaqin so‘z emas, asosiy ega muhim

Ega ko‘pincha predlogli qism bilan kengaytiriladi (of ..., in ..., with ...). Fe’l predlogdan oldingi otga moslashadi.

• The price of these shoes is high.Bu tuflilarning narxi yuqori. (price — birlik)
• The students in my class are smart.Sinfimdagi talabalar aqlli. (students — ko‘plik)
• The box of chocolates was on the table.Shokolad qutisi stol ustida edi.
• The people in this town are friendly.Bu shahar aholisi samimiy.
• A group of tourists is waiting outside.Bir guruh sayyoh tashqarida kutyapti.

one of + ko‘plik + birlik fe’l

one of dan keyin ot ko‘plikda, lekin fe’l birlikda — chunki ega one.

• One of my friends is a doctor.Do‘stlarimdan biri shifokor.
• One of the best films was made in 1995.Eng yaxshi filmlardan biri 1995-yilda suratga olingan.

Birlik fe’l oladigan otlar

-s bilan tugaydigan, lekin birlik

• The news is good.Yangilik yaxshi.
• Mathematics is my favourite subject.Matematika — sevimli fanim.
• Physics is difficult.Fizika qiyin.
• Economics is an interesting subject.Iqtisodiyot qiziqarli fan.

Noaniq olmoshlar

• Everyone is here.Hamma shu yerda.
• Somebody has taken my pen.Kimdir ruchkamni olibdi.
• Nothing is impossible.Hech narsa imkonsiz emas.
• Each of the rooms has a TV.Har bir xonada televizor bor.
• Every student needs a book.Har bir talabaga kitob kerak.

Gerund va ot ergash gap

• Learning languages is fun.Til o‘rganish qiziqarli. (gerund — birlik)
• Smoking is bad for you.Chekish zararli.
• What I need is rest.Menga kerak narsa — dam olish. (ot ergash gap — birlik)

Masofa, vaqt va pul

Bir butun miqdor sifatida olinadi — birlik.

• Five kilometres is not far.Besh kilometr uzoq emas.
• Two years is a long time.Ikki yil uzoq vaqt.
• Ten dollars is too much for a coffee.Qahva uchun o‘n dollar juda qimmat.
• Three hours was enough.Uch soat yetarli edi.

Ko‘plik fe’l oladigan otlar

• People are very friendly here.Bu yerda odamlar juda samimiy.
• The police are looking for him.Politsiya uni qidiryapti.
• My jeans are too tight.Jinsim juda tor.
• The elderly need special care.Keksalar alohida g‘amxo‘rlikka muhtoj.
• Reading and writing are important.O‘qish va yozish muhim. (ikki ega)

and bilan bog‘langan ikki ega — ko‘plik. Lekin agar ular bitta narsa bo‘lsa — birlik: Fish and chips is a British dish.

Murakkab holatlar

the number of va a number of

• The number of students is increasing.Talabalar soni o‘syapti. (ega — “son”, birlik)
• A number of students are absent.Bir qancha talaba yo‘q. (= bir nechta talaba, ko‘plik)

neither ... nor / either ... or

Fe’l yaqinroq egaga moslashadi.

• Neither the teacher nor the students were ready.Na o‘qituvchi, na talabalar tayyor edi.
• Neither the students nor the teacher was ready.Na talabalar, na o‘qituvchi tayyor edi.
• Either my brother or my parents are coming.Yo akam, yo ota-onam keladi.

as well as, along with

Bu iboralar egani o‘zgartirmaydi — fe’l birinchi egaga moslashadi.

• Ali, as well as his brothers, plays football.Ali ham, akalari ham futbol o‘ynaydi. (ega — Ali)
• The manager, together with his team, is coming.Menejer jamoasi bilan kelyapti.

Jamoa otlari

family, team, government, class, company, staff, audience, committee kabi jamoa otlari bir guruh odamni bildiradi.

• Britaniyada: ikkalasi ham mumkin — guruhni bir butun deb ko‘rsangiz birlik, a’zolarini nazarda tutsangiz ko‘plik;
• Amerikada: odatda birlik.

• My family is large.Mening oilam katta. (bir butun)
• My family are all doctors.Oilamning hammasi shifokor. (a’zolar — Britaniya)
• The team is playing well.Jamoa yaxshi o‘ynayapti.
• The government has announced new laws.Hukumat yangi qonunlarni e’lon qildi.

there is / there are

there dan keyin fe’l keyingi otga moslashadi.

• There is a problem.Muammo bor.
• There are many problems.Muammolar ko‘p.
• There was a lot of people. → There were a lot of people.Odam ko‘p edi. (people — ko‘plik)
• There is a table and two chairs.Stol va ikki stul bor. (birinchi narsaga)

Bosqichma-bosqich

Fe’lni tekshirish yo‘li:

1. Predlogli qismni olib tashlang.
2. Asosiy egani toping.
3. Birlik yoki ko‘plik ekanini aniqlang.

• The price (of these shoes) is high.Asosiy ega “price” — birlik
• The students (in my class) are smart.Asosiy ega “students” — ko‘plik
• One (of my friends) is a doctor.Asosiy ega “one” — birlik

Misol: The results of the survey (show / shows) interesting trends.

1. Predlogli qism: of the survey — olib tashlaymiz.
2. Asosiy ega: results (ko‘plik).

Misol: Each of the participants (receive / receives) a certificate.

1. Each of → birlik.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: fe’l asosiy egaga moslashadi, yonidagi so‘zga emas. Predlogli qismni olib tashlab tekshiring.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Hisobotdan parcha

The number of tourists visiting Uzbekistan has increased significantly. One of the main reasons is the new visa policy. A large number of visitors come from Russia and Kazakhstan. The quality of hotels has also improved. However, public transport in some regions needs to be developed. Each of the major cities has its own airport. Neither the airlines nor the government is satisfied with current prices. Mathematics and statistics show that this trend will continue.

Suhbat

• — Is everyone here?— Hamma shu yerdami?
• — Almost. One of the students is late.— Deyarli. Talabalardan biri kechikyapti.
• — What about the materials?— Materiallar-chi?
• — The box of books is in my car.— Kitoblar qutisi mening mashinamda.
• — And the news? Is it good?— Yangilik-chi? Yaxshimi?
• — Yes, the news is great. The number of applicants has doubled!— Ha, yangilik zo‘r. Arizachilar soni ikki baravar oshdi!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. The colour of these flowers ___ (be) beautiful. → is
2. One of my sisters ___ (work) in Dubai. → works
3. The news ___ (be) surprising. → is
4. A number of people ___ (be) waiting. → are
5. The number of cars ___ (be) increasing. → is
6. Everyone ___ (have) a ticket. → has
7. Neither my parents nor my brother ___ (know) about it. → knows
8. Xatoni toping: The people in this city is very kind. → The people in this city are very kind.

Qisqa xulosa

• Fe’l asosiy egaga moslashadi — predlogli qismni olib tashlang.
• one of + ko‘plik ot + birlik fe’l.
• news, physics, mathematics, everyone, each, gerund — birlik.
• Masofa, vaqt, pul — bir butun, birlik: Ten dollars is a lot.
• people, police, jeans, the rich — ko‘plik.
• the number of — birlik, a number of — ko‘plik.
• neither ... nor / either ... or — yaqinroq egaga mos.
• as well as, along with — birinchi egaga mos.
• there is / are — keyingi otga mos.