Dependent Prepositions — Doimiy predloglar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ba’zi so‘zlar doim “sherik predlog” bilan keladi va bu predlogni mantiq bilan topib bo‘lmaydi. O‘zbekchada “-ga ishonmoq”, “-dan qo‘rqmoq”, “bilan faxrlanmoq” deymiz; inglizchada esa believe in, afraid of, proud of. Bular so‘zma-so‘z tarjima bo‘lmaydi.

Men sizga ishonaman. → I believe in you.“-ga”, lekin in
Men undan qo‘rqaman. → I’m afraid of him.“-dan”, lekin of
U bu bilan faxrlanadi. → She is proud of it.“bilan”, lekin of

Bular bog‘liq predloglar (dependent prepositions) deyiladi — chunki predlog so‘zga bog‘liq, ma’noga emas.

Eng yaxshi yo‘l: so‘zni predlogi bilan birga, bitta butun birlik sifatida yodlash. depend on — bitta so‘z kabi; faqat depend emas.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

Sifat + predlog: good at, afraid of, interested in.
Fe’l + predlog: depend on, wait for, believe in.
Ot + predlog: reason for, increase in.
O‘zbekcha qo‘shimchalarga tayanmaslik.
Ma’nosi o‘zgaradigan predloglar.
Predlog kerak bo‘lmagan fe’llar va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Sifat + predlog

Predlog	So‘zlar
at	good at, bad at, surprised at, brilliant at, terrible at
of	afraid of, proud of, tired of, full of, aware of, capable of, fond of, jealous of
about	worried about, excited about, sorry about, nervous about, upset about
in	interested in, involved in, experienced in
with	angry with (odam), pleased with, bored with, satisfied with, familiar with, crowded with
to	married to, similar to, kind to, used to, polite to, rude to, related to
for	famous for, responsible for, late for, ready for, grateful for
from	different from, absent from
on	keen on, dependent on

She is good at maths.U matematikada kuchli.
I’m afraid of dogs.Itlardan qo‘rqaman.
He is interested in history.U tarixga qiziqadi.
I’m worried about my exam.Imtihonimdan xavotirdaman.
She is married to a doctor.U shifokorga turmushga chiqqan.
Samarkand is famous for its architecture.Samarqand me’morchiligi bilan mashhur.
My sister is very different from me.Singlim mendan juda farq qiladi.
I’m proud of my son.O‘g‘lim bilan faxrlanaman.

angry with / angry about

I’m angry with you.Sizdan jahlim chiqdi. (odam)
I’m angry about the decision.Qarordan jahlim chiqdi. (narsa)

Fe’l + predlog

Predlog	So‘zlar
on	depend on, rely on, concentrate on, insist on, comment on
for	wait for, look for, apply for, pay for, ask for, search for
to	listen to, belong to, explain to, reply to, talk to, happen to, apologise to
in	believe in, succeed in, specialise in, participate in, invest in
from	suffer from, recover from, benefit from, escape from
of	consist of, approve of, dream of, think of, remind of
with	agree with, deal with, cope with, argue with, share with
about	complain about, think about, care about, worry about, dream about
at	look at, laugh at, smile at, shout at

It depends on the weather.Bu ob-havoga bog‘liq.
I’m waiting for the bus.Avtobusni kutyapman.
I believe in you.Sizga ishonaman.
She suffers from headaches.U bosh og‘rig‘idan aziyat chekadi.
The book consists of ten chapters.Kitob o‘nta bobdan iborat.
I agree with you.Sizga qo‘shilaman.
They complained about the noise.Ular shovqindan shikoyat qilishdi.
Don’t laugh at me!Ustimdan kulmang!
Listen to me, please.Iltimos, meni tinglang.

Ot + predlog

the reason for the delaykechikish sababi
an increase in pricesnarxlarning oshishi
a decrease in crimejinoyatchilikning kamayishi
access to educationta’limga kirish imkoni
the effect of stress on healthstressning sog‘liqqa ta’siri
a solution to the problemmuammoning yechimi
the cause of the accidentavariya sababi
an interest in musicmusiqaga qiziqish
damage to the carmashinaga yetkazilgan zarar
a lack of moneypul yetishmasligi

Ot	Predlog	Misol
reason	for	the reason for his absence
increase / decrease / rise / fall	in	an increase in salary
solution / answer / key	to	the answer to the question
cause / effect / example	of	an example of good design
effect / influence / impact	on	the impact on the environment
demand / need / request	for	a demand for cheap housing
relationship / problem	with	a problem with my computer

O‘zbekcha qo‘shimchaga tayanmang

O‘zbekcha qo‘shimcha yordam bermaydi — ko‘pincha chalg‘itadi.

Men sizga ishonaman. → I believe in you.“-ga”, lekin in
Bu sizga bog‘liq. → It depends on you.“-ga”, lekin on
Men undan qo‘rqaman. → I’m afraid of him.“-dan”, lekin of
U bu bilan faxrlanadi. → She is proud of it.“bilan”, lekin of
Ota-onamni eslayman. → I think of my parents.predlog yo‘q o‘zbekchada
U shifokorga turmushga chiqqan. → She’s married to a doctor.“-ga” — to (lekin with emas!)

Predlogdan keyin -ing

Bu predloglardan keyin fe’l kelsa, u -ing oladi.

I’m good at cooking.Ovqat pishirishga ustaman.
She apologised for being late.U kechikkani uchun uzr so‘radi.
I’m looking forward to meeting you.Siz bilan uchrashishni intiqlik bilan kutaman.
He’s interested in learning Chinese.U xitoy tilini o‘rganishga qiziqadi.
I’m tired of waiting.Kutishdan charchadim.

Ma’no o‘zgaradigan predloglar

Ba’zi so‘zlar turli predloglar bilan kelib, turli ma’no beradi.

Think of a number.Bir son o‘ylang. (xayolga keltirmoq)
Think about your future.Kelajagingiz haqida o‘ylang. (mulohaza qilmoq)
I agree with you.Sizga qo‘shilaman. (odam)
I agree to the plan.Rejaga roziman. (taklif)
I agree on the price.Narx bo‘yicha kelishdik. (kelishuv)
Look at the picture.Rasmga qarang.
Look for your keys.Kalitlaringizni qidiring.
Look after the children.Bolalarga qarang (g‘amxo‘rlik qiling).
She’s good at maths.U matematikani yaxshi biladi.
She’s good to her parents.U ota-onasiga yaxshi muomala qiladi.

Predlog kerak bo‘lmagan fe’llar

Ba’zi fe’llarda o‘zbekchada predlog (qo‘shimcha) bor, lekin inglizchada to‘ldiruvchi to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri keladi.

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri
discuss about the plan	discuss the plan
marry with someone	marry someone
enter into the room	enter the room
answer to the question	answer the question
call to me	call me
reach to the station	reach the station
contact with him	contact him
lack of money (fe’l)	lack money

We discussed the problem.Muammoni muhokama qildik.
She married a doctor.U shifokorga turmushga chiqdi.
He entered the room.U xonaga kirdi.
Please call me tomorrow.Iltimos, ertaga menga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling.

Diqqat: marry (fe’l) — predlogsiz, lekin be married (sifat) — to bilan: She married him. She is married to him.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Yangi so‘zni o‘rganganda:

Lug‘atda predlogni tekshiring.
So‘zni predlogi bilan yozing: depend on, interested in.
Gap tuzing: It depends on you.
Agar fe’l kelsa — -ing: interested in learning.

Misol: “Men bu kitobga juda qiziqaman.”

interested → in.

NatijaI’m very interested in this book.

Misol: “Muvaffaqiyat qattiq mehnatga bog‘liq.”

depend → on.

NatijaSuccess depends on hard work.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~It depends of you.~~

✓ It depends on you.

depend on.

✗ ~~I am interested about history.~~

✓ I am interested in history.

interested in.

✗ ~~She is married with a doctor.~~

✓ She is married to a doctor.

married to.

✗ ~~I listen music.~~

✓ I listen to music.

listen to.

✗ ~~We discussed about the plan.~~

✓ We discussed the plan.

discuss — predlogsiz.

✗ ~~I’m afraid from dogs.~~

✓ I’m afraid of dogs.

afraid of.

✗ ~~He is good in football.~~

✓ He is good at football.

good at.

✗ ~~I’m waiting the bus.~~

✓ I’m waiting for the bus.

wait for.

✗ ~~She is different than me.~~

✓ She is different from me.

different from (Britaniya).

✗ ~~I’m angry on you.~~

✓ I’m angry with you.

angry with (odam).

Maslahat: yangi so‘z yodlaganda uni predlogi bilan yozing: depend on, faqat depend emas.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish suhbatida

— What are you interested in?— Nimaga qiziqasiz?
— I’m very interested in marketing and I’m good at working with people.— Marketingga juda qiziqaman va odamlar bilan ishlashni yaxshi bilaman.
— Have you ever applied for a job like this before?— Ilgari shunday ishga ariza topshirganmisiz?
— Yes. I was responsible for a team of five people.— Ha. Men besh kishilik jamoa uchun mas’ul edim.
— What are you proud of in your career?— Kasbiy faoliyatingizda nima bilan faxrlanasiz?
— I succeeded in increasing sales by 30%.— Sotuvni 30% ga oshirishga muvaffaq bo‘ldim.

Kichik matn

Bukhara is famous for its ancient buildings. Many tourists are interested in its history. The old city consists of hundreds of monuments. Unfortunately, some buildings suffer from damage caused by time. The government is responsible for protecting them, and there has been an increase in money for repairs. Local people are very proud of their city and they care about its future.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

She is very good ___ languages. → at
I’m tired ___ waiting. → of
It depends ___ the price. → on
He apologised ___ being late. → for
Men sizga ishonaman. → I believe in you.
Bu taomlar bir-biriga o‘xshaydi. → These dishes are similar to each other.
Biz bu masalani muhokama qildik. → We discussed this issue. (predlog yo‘q)
Xatoni toping: She is married with an engineer. → She is married to an engineer.

Qisqa xulosa

Predlogni so‘z bilan birga yodlang: depend on, interested in, afraid of.
Sifat + predlog: good at, afraid of, worried about, married to, famous for.
Fe’l + predlog: depend on, wait for, believe in, suffer from, consist of.
Ot + predlog: reason for, increase in, solution to, effect on.
O‘zbekcha qo‘shimchaga tayanmang — ular chalg‘itadi.
Predlogdan keyin fe’l — -ing.
discuss, marry, enter, answer, call — predlogsiz.