Would rather, Had better, It’s time

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Bu darsdagi iboralar tanlov, ogohlantirish va vaqt haqida:

• would rather — ikki narsadan birini afzal ko‘rish: “...ganim ma’qul, ...dan ko‘ra ...”
• had better — ogohlantirish ohangidagi kuchli maslahat: “...ganingiz ma’qul, aks holda...”
• It’s time — biror ishni qilish vaqti keldi (hatto o‘tib ketdi).

• I’d rather stay at home.Uyda qolganim ma’qul.
• You’d better hurry.Shoshilganingiz ma’qul.
• It’s time we left.Ketadigan vaqtimiz bo‘ldi.

Tuzoq qisqartmada: ’d rather = would rather, ’d better = had better. Ikkalasi ham ’d, lekin turli so‘zlar! Va ikkalasidan keyin ham fe’lning asosiy shakli keladi — to yo‘q.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. would rather + fe’l — o‘zingiz uchun tanlov.
2. would rather + kim + Past Simple — boshqa odam uchun.
3. had better — ogohlantiruvchi maslahat.
4. It’s time / It’s high time.
5. prefer va would prefer.
6. O‘tmish haqida va eng ko‘p xatolar.

would rather — o‘zingiz uchun tanlov

would rather + fe’lning asosiy shakli — “...ganim ma’qul, ...ni afzal ko‘raman”. Ikki variantdan birini tanlash uchun than qo‘shiladi.

• I’d rather walk than take a taxi.Taksiga o‘tirgandan ko‘ra piyoda borganim ma’qul.
• I’d rather stay at home tonight.Bugun kechqurun uyda qolganim ma’qul.
• She’d rather have tea.U choyni afzal ko‘radi.
• We’d rather go by train than by bus.Biz avtobusdan ko‘ra poyezdda borishni afzal ko‘ramiz.
• — Coffee or tea? — I’d rather have tea, thanks.— Qahvami yoki choy? — Choy ichganim ma’qul, rahmat.

Inkor

not — would rather dan keyin, fe’ldan oldin:

• I’d rather not talk about it.Bu haqda gapirmaganim ma’qul.
• She’d rather not go out tonight.U bugun kechqurun tashqariga chiqmaslikni afzal ko‘radi.
• — Do you want to come? — I’d rather not.— Kelishni xohlaysizmi? — Yaxshisi, yo‘q.

Savol

• Would you rather stay or go?Qolishni afzal ko‘rasizmi yoki ketishni?
• Would you rather have fish or meat?Baliqni afzal ko‘rasizmi yoki go‘shtni?
• Where would you rather live — in the city or in the country?Qayerda yashashni afzal ko‘rasiz — shahardami yoki qishloqdami?

would rather + kim + Past Simple

Agar boshqa odamning nima qilishini afzal ko‘rsangiz, tuzilma o‘zgaradi: would rather + kim + Past Simple. Bu yerda zamon orqaga suriladi, lekin ma’no — hozir yoki kelajak.

• I’d rather stay here.Shu yerda qolganim ma’qul.
• I’d rather you stayed here.Shu yerda qolganingiz ma’qul. (zamon orqaga)
• I’d rather you didn’t smoke here.Bu yerda chekmasangiz yaxshi bo‘lardi.
• She’d rather her son studied medicine.U o‘g‘lining tibbiyotni o‘qishini afzal ko‘radi.
• I’d rather you came tomorrow.Ertaga kelsangiz yaxshiroq bo‘lardi.

Bu — muloyim iltimos va norozilik bildirishning juda yaxshi usuli: I’d rather you didn’t = “Iltimos, qilmang” (yumshoq).

had better — ogohlantirish

had better + fe’lning asosiy shakli — kuchli maslahat. Ko‘pincha ogohlantirish ohangida: “...ganingiz ma’qul, aks holda muammo bo‘ladi”.

• You’d better hurry, or you’ll be late.Shoshilganingiz ma’qul, bo‘lmasa kechikasiz.
• You’d better not tell him.Unga aytmaganingiz ma’qul.
• We’d better leave now — it’s getting dark.Hozir ketganimiz ma’qul — qorong‘i tushyapti.
• I’d better call my mum. She’ll be worried.Onamga qo‘ng‘iroq qilganim ma’qul. U xavotir oladi.
• You’d better take an umbrella.Soyabon olganingiz ma’qul.

Muhim:

• had better — o‘tgan zamon emas! Shakli had, lekin ma’no — hozir yoki kelajak.
• Inkor — had better not (hadn’t better — kam uchraydi).
• Undan keyin to yo‘q: You’d better go (to go emas).

had better va should

had better — should dan kuchliroq va aniq vaziyat uchun. Unda oqibat (aks holda nima bo‘ladi) nazarda tutiladi.

• You should read more.Ko‘proq o‘qishingiz kerak. (umumiy maslahat)
• You’d better read this.Buni o‘qiganingiz ma’qul. (aks holda muammo)
• You should see a doctor some time.Qachondir shifokorga borishingiz kerak.
• You’d better see a doctor now.Hozir shifokorga borganingiz ma’qul. (jiddiy)

It’s time — vaqti keldi

It’s time — biror ishni qilish vaqti keldi. Ikki xil tuzilma bor:

• It’s time to go home.Uyga ketadigan vaqt bo‘ldi.
• It’s time you went to bed.Uxlaydigan vaqtingiz bo‘ldi.
• It’s time we left.Ketadigan vaqtimiz bo‘ldi.
• It’s high time we started.Boshlash vaqti allaqachon keldi.
• It’s about time you cleaned your room!Xonangni tozalaydigan vaqting allaqachon kelib o‘tdi!

It’s time + ega dan keyin Past Simple — lekin ma’no hozir. Bu tuzilmada biroz tanqid yoki sabrsizlik ohangi bor: “allaqachon qilishing kerak edi!”

prefer va would prefer

prefer — “afzal ko‘rmoq”. U would rather ga o‘xshash, lekin grammatikasi boshqa.

• I prefer walking to driving.Haydashdan ko‘ra yurishni afzal ko‘raman. (umumiy)
• She prefers tea to coffee.U qahvadan ko‘ra choyni afzal ko‘radi.
• I’d prefer to stay here.Shu yerda qolishni afzal ko‘raman. (hozir)
• I’d prefer you to call before you come.Kelishdan oldin qo‘ng‘iroq qilishingizni afzal ko‘raman.

would rather va would prefer

• I’d rather walk than drive.Haydashdan ko‘ra yurganim ma’qul.
• I’d prefer to walk rather than drive.Haydashdan ko‘ra yurishni afzal ko‘raman.

O‘tmish haqida

would rather + have + V3 — o‘tmishda boshqacha bo‘lishini xohlash (afsus).

• I’d rather have stayed at home.Uyda qolganim yaxshiroq edi. (lekin qolmadim)
• I’d rather you hadn’t told him.Unga aytmaganingizda yaxshi edi. (lekin aytdingiz)
• She’d rather have studied law.U huquqni o‘qiganida yaxshiroq bo‘lardi, deb hisoblaydi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Maqsadga qarab tuzilma tanlang:

1. O‘zingiz uchun tanlov: I’d rather + fe’l.
2. Boshqa odam qilishini xohlaysiz: I’d rather + kim + Past Simple.
3. Ogohlantirish: You’d better + fe’l.
4. Kechikkan vazifa: It’s time + kim + Past Simple.

• I’d rather stay here.Shu yerda qolganim ma’qul.
• I’d rather you stayed here.Shu yerda qolganingiz ma’qul. (zamon orqaga)
• You’d better leave now.Hozir ketganingiz ma’qul. (aks holda muammo)
• It’s time you got a job.Ish topadigan vaqtingiz keldi.

Misol: “Siz ertaga kelsangiz yaxshiroq bo‘lardi.”

1. Boshqa odam (siz) → would rather + you + Past Simple.
2. come → came.

Misol: “Ehtiyot bo‘ling, aks holda yiqilasiz.”

1. Ogohlantirish → had better.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Diqqat: ’d better — had better, ’d rather — would rather. Ikkalasidan keyin ham to kerak emas.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Kechki rejalar

• — Do you want to go to the cinema tonight?— Bugun kechqurun kinoga borishni xohlaysizmi?
• — Actually, I’d rather stay at home. I’m tired.— Aslida, uyda qolganim ma’qul. Charchadim.
• — OK. Would you rather watch a film here?— Mayli. Shu yerda film ko‘rishni afzal ko‘rasizmi?
• — Yes, but I’d rather you chose the film.— Ha, lekin filmni siz tanlaganingiz ma’qul.
• — Fine. But it’s 10 pm — we’d better start now.— Mayli. Lekin soat 10 — hozir boshlaganimiz ma’qul.
• — And then it’s time we went to bed!— Keyin esa uxlaydigan vaqtimiz bo‘ladi!

Ota-onaning gaplari

“Son, it’s high time you found a job. You’re 25! You’d better start looking now, or you’ll never find anything. I know you’d rather play computer games, but I’d rather you spent your time on something useful. And you’d better not stay up so late — it’s time you learned to get up early.”

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I’d rather ___ (walk) than take the bus. → walk
2. I’d rather you ___ (not / smoke) in the car. → didn’t smoke
3. You’d better ___ (take) a jacket — it’s cold. → take
4. It’s time we ___ (go) home. → went
5. Bu haqda gapirmaganim ma’qul. → I’d rather not talk about it.
6. Siz shifokorga borganingiz ma’qul. → You’d better see a doctor.
7. Men choyni qahvadan afzal ko‘raman. → I prefer tea to coffee.
8. Xatoni toping: You had better to finish it today. → You had better finish it today.

Qisqa xulosa

• would rather + fe’l (than ...) — afzal ko‘raman: I’d rather walk than drive.
• would rather + kim + Past Simple — boshqa odamdan xohlash: I’d rather you stayed.
• had better + fe’l — ogohlantiruvchi maslahat: You’d better hurry.
• Inkor: would rather not, had better not.
• It’s time to + fe’l yoki It’s time + ega + Past Simple; It’s high time — kuchliroq.
• prefer A to B (umumiy), would prefer to + fe’l (hozir).
• ’d rather = would, ’d better = had; ikkalasidan keyin to yo‘q.