Mixed Conditionals

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Hayotda sabab va natija doim bir vaqtda bo‘lmaydi. O‘tmishdagi qaror ko‘pincha hozirgi hayotimizga ta’sir qiladi:

• “O‘n yil oldin tibbiyot o‘qiganimda (o‘tmish), hozir shifokor bo‘lardim (hozir).”
• “Agar men ingliz tilini bilganimda (doimiy holat), o‘tgan hafta o‘sha ishga kirgan bo‘lardim (o‘tmish).”

Mana shunday holatlar uchun aralash shart gaplar (mixed conditionals) kerak.

• If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.Tibbiyot o‘qiganimda, hozir shifokor bo‘lardim.
• If I spoke English, I would have got that job.Inglizcha bilganimda, o‘sha ishga kirgan bo‘lardim.

Bu yangi qoida emas. Bu shunchaki 2-tur va 3-tur shart gaplarning bo‘laklarini kerakli vaqt bo‘yicha birlashtirish:

• 2-tur bo‘lagi = hozirgi xayol: If + Past Simple yoki would + fe’l;
• 3-tur bo‘lagi = o‘tmishdagi xayol: If + Past Perfect yoki would have + V3.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Nima uchun aralash shart gaplar kerak.
2. 1-tur aralash: o‘tmish sabab → hozirgi natija.
3. 2-tur aralash: doimiy holat → o‘tmish natija.
4. Payt so‘zlari yordami: now, today, yesterday.
5. Haqiqatga qaytarib tekshirish.
6. Kelajak natija va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Esga olamiz: 2-tur va 3-tur

• If I had money, I would buy a car.Pulim bo‘lganida, mashina olardim. (2-tur: hozir)
• If I had had money, I would have bought a car.Pulim bo‘lganida, mashina olgan bo‘lardim. (3-tur: o‘tmish)

Aralash shart gapda bir qism — 2-turdan, ikkinchi qism — 3-turdan olinadi.

1-tur aralash: o‘tmish sabab → hozirgi natija

Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan aralash tur. O‘tmishda bo‘lmagan (yoki bo‘lgan) voqea hozirgi holatga ta’sir qiladi.

• If I had taken that job, I would be rich now.O‘sha ishni olganimda, hozir boy bo‘lardim.
• If she hadn’t missed the flight, she would be here.Reysga kechikmaganida, hozir shu yerda bo‘lardi.
• If I had slept well last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.Kecha yaxshi uxlaganimda, hozir bunchalik charchamagan bo‘lardim.
• If they had saved money, they would have a house now.Ular pul yig‘ganlarida, hozir uylari bo‘lardi.
• If you had taken the medicine, you would feel better now.Dorini ichganingizda, hozir o‘zingizni yaxshiroq his qilardingiz.

Haqiqat

• If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.Tibbiyot o‘qiganimda, hozir shifokor bo‘lardim.
• → I didn’t study medicine (o‘tmish). I’m not a doctor (hozir).Haqiqat

2-tur aralash: doimiy holat → o‘tmish natija

Kamroq uchraydi, lekin muhim. Doimiy yoki hozirgi holat (xarakter, qobiliyat, xususiyat) o‘tmishdagi voqeaga ta’sir qilgan.

• If I were taller, I would have joined the team.Bo‘yim balandroq bo‘lganida, jamoaga qo‘shilgan bo‘lardim.
• If he spoke English, he would have got the job.Inglizcha bilganida, o‘sha ishga kirgan bo‘lardi.
• If she weren’t so shy, she would have spoken at the meeting.U shunchalik uyatchan bo‘lmaganida, yig‘ilishda gapirgan bo‘lardi.
• If I didn’t have so much work, I would have gone to the party yesterday.Ishim bunchalik ko‘p bo‘lmaganida, kecha bazmga borgan bo‘lardim.
• If he were more careful, he wouldn’t have broken the vase.U ehtiyotkorroq bo‘lganida, guldonni sindirmagan bo‘lardi.

Haqiqat

• If she weren’t so shy, she would have spoken.U shunchalik uyatchan bo‘lmaganida, gapirgan bo‘lardi.
• → She is shy (doim). She didn’t speak (o‘tmish).Haqiqat

Payt so‘zlari yordam beradi

Gapdagi payt so‘zlari qaysi qism qaysi vaqtga tegishli ekanini ko‘rsatadi va aralash turni aniqlashga yordam beradi.

• If you had taken the medicine, you would feel better now.Dorini ichganingizda, hozir o‘zingizni yaxshi his qilardingiz.
• If I hadn’t lost my keys yesterday, I would be at home now.Kecha kalitimni yo‘qotmaganimda, hozir uyda bo‘lardim.
• If I lived in Tashkent, I would have visited you last week.Toshkentda yashaganimda, o‘tgan hafta sizga kelgan bo‘lardim.

Yodda tuting: har bir qism uchun alohida so‘rang: bu hozirmi yoki o‘tmishmi?

Bosqichma-bosqich

Har bir qism uchun vaqtni alohida aniqlang.

1. If qismi qachon? O‘tmish → had + V3. Hozir / doim → Past Simple.
2. Natija qachon? Hozir → would + fe’l. O‘tmish → would have + V3.

Misol: “Agar men o‘sha kuni avtobusdan qolmaganimda, hozir u bilan tanish bo‘lmasdim.”

1. Haqiqatni aniqlang: o‘sha kuni avtobusdan qoldim (o‘tmish), shuning uchun u bilan tanishdim — hozir tanishmiz (hozir).
2. If qismi (o‘tmish): If I hadn’t missed the bus that day.
3. Natija (hozir): I wouldn’t know her now.

Misol: “Agar u dangasa bo‘lmaganida, imtihondan o‘tgan bo‘lardi.”

1. Haqiqat: u dangasa (doimiy), imtihondan o‘tmadi (o‘tmish).
2. If (hozir / doim): If he weren’t lazy.
3. Natija (o‘tmish): he would have passed the exam.

Misol: “Ingliz tilini maktabda o‘rganganimda, hozir chet elda ishlardim.”

1. Haqiqat: maktabda o‘rganmadim (o‘tmish), hozir chet elda ishlamayman (hozir).
2. If (o‘tmish): If I had learned English at school.
3. Natija (hozir): I would be working abroad now.

Natija qismida would be + -ing (hozir davom etayotgan jarayon) ham bo‘lishi mumkin.

Tekshirish

Aralash gapni har doim ikkita haqiqatga ajratib tekshiring:

• If he hadn’t eaten so much, he wouldn’t feel sick now.U ko‘p yemaganida, hozir ko‘ngli aynimagan bo‘lardi.
• → U ko‘p yedi (o‘tmish). Ko‘ngli aynayapti (hozir).Ikkala haqiqat
• If she weren’t so shy, she would have spoken.U shunchalik uyatchan bo‘lmaganida, gapirgan bo‘lardi.
• → U uyatchan (doim). U gapirmadi (o‘tmish).Ikkala haqiqat

could va might bilan

Natija qismida would o‘rniga could va might ham ishlatiladi:

• If I had learned to drive, I could take you to the airport now.Haydashni o‘rganganimda, hozir sizni aeroportga olib bora olardim.
• If she were more confident, she might have got the job.U o‘ziga ko‘proq ishonganida, balki ishga kirgan bo‘lardi.

Kelajak natijasi

O‘tmishdagi voqea kelajakka ham ta’sir qilishi mumkin:

• If I had booked the tickets, we would be flying tomorrow.Chiptalarni olganimda, ertaga uchayotgan bo‘lardik.
• If she hadn’t broken her leg, she would be running in the marathon next week.U oyog‘ini sindirmaganida, kelasi hafta marafonda yugurayotgan bo‘lardi.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: har bir qismning vaqtini alohida aniqlang. O‘tmish shart — had + V3, hozirgi natija — would + fe’l. Doimiy shart — Past Simple, o‘tmish natija — would have + V3.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Hayot tanlovlari haqida

• — Do you ever regret not going to university?— Universitetga bormaganingizdan hech afsuslanasizmi?
• — Sometimes. If I had gone, I would have a better job now.— Ba’zan. Borganimda, hozir yaxshiroq ishim bo‘lardi.
• — But you have your own business!— Lekin sizning o‘z biznesingiz bor-ku!
• — True. If I had studied for five years, I wouldn’t have started the business so young.— To‘g‘ri. Besh yil o‘qiganimda, biznesni bunchalik yosh boshlamagan bo‘lardim.
• — And if you weren’t so hard-working, you wouldn’t have been so successful.— Siz bunchalik mehnatkash bo‘lmaganingizda, bunchalik muvaffaqiyatli bo‘lmagan bo‘lardingiz.

Kichik matn

I often think about my life. If I hadn’t moved to Tashkent ten years ago, I would still be living in my small village. I wouldn’t know my wife and I wouldn’t have my children. On the other hand, if I were a braver person, I would have studied abroad when I had the chance. But I don’t regret anything. If things had been different, I wouldn’t be the person I am today.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. If I ___ (take) the job last year, I ___ (live) in London now. → had taken / would be living
2. If she ___ (be) more organised, she ___ (not / forget) the meeting yesterday. → were / wouldn’t have forgotten
3. If you ___ (not / eat) so much, you ___ (not / feel) sick now. → hadn’t eaten / wouldn’t feel
4. If he ___ (speak) French, he ___ (get) the job in Paris last month. → spoke / would have got
5. Kecha kalitimni yo‘qotmaganimda, hozir uyda bo‘lardim. → If I hadn’t lost my keys yesterday, I would be at home now.
6. Men qo‘rqoq bo‘lmaganimda, o‘shanda unga haqiqatni aytgan bo‘lardim. → If I weren’t a coward, I would have told him the truth then.
7. Haqiqatga aylantiring: If I had saved money, I would have a car now. → I didn’t save money. I don’t have a car now.
8. Xatoni toping: If I had studied harder, I would have a good job now. — bu to‘g‘rimi? → To‘g‘ri (o‘tmish sabab → hozirgi natija).

Qisqa xulosa

• Aralash shart gap = 2-tur va 3-tur bo‘laklarining birikmasi.
• O‘tmish sabab → hozirgi natija: If + had + V3, would + fe’l — If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
• Doimiy holat → o‘tmish natija: If + Past Simple, would have + V3 — If I were taller, I would have joined the team.
• Har bir qismning vaqtini alohida aniqlang.
• Payt so‘zlari yordam beradi: now, today — hozir; yesterday, last year — o‘tmish.
• Har doim ikkita haqiqatga ajratib tekshiring.
• if qismida would ishlatilmaydi.