Numbers and Dates

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Inglizcha sonlar tizimli — bir nechta qoidani bilsangiz, istalgan sonni ayta olasiz.

• 1 dan 12 gacha — alohida so‘zlar, ularni yodlash kerak: one, two, three... eleven, twelve.
• 13 dan 19 gacha — oxiri -teen: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen...
• O‘nliklar — oxiri -ty: twenty, thirty, forty...
• Qolgani — o‘nlik va birlikni chiziqcha bilan qo‘shib aytiladi: twenty-one, thirty-five, ninety-nine.

Sonlar ikki turga bo‘linadi:

O‘zbekchada tartib son -inchi qo‘shimchasi bilan yasaladi: birinchi, ikkinchi, uchinchi. Inglizchada esa ko‘pincha -th qo‘shiladi: fourth, fifth, tenth. Sanada tartib son ishlatiladi: the fifth of May — 5-may.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Sanoq sonlar: 1 dan milliongacha.
2. -teen va -ty farqi (13 va 30).
3. Tartib sonlar va ularning istisnolari.
4. Sanani yozish va o‘qish, yillarni aytish.
5. Soatni aytish: half past, quarter to.
6. Telefon raqami, narx, foiz, kasr va yosh.

Sanoq sonlar

0 dan 20 gacha

O‘nliklar

Katta sonlar

Diqqat: inglizcha billion — o‘zbekchadagi milliard (1 000 000 000). “Billion” so‘zini noto‘g‘ri tarjima qilish keng tarqalgan xato.

-teen va -ty farqi

Bu juda muhim, chunki og‘zaki nutqda chalkashtirish oson: thirteen (13) va thirty (30), fifteen (15) va fifty (50).

Tinglaganda urg‘uga e’tibor bering. Kerak bo‘lsa, aniqlashtiring: Did you say fifteen or fifty? One-five or five-zero?

Katta sonlarni o‘qish

Katta sonni qismlarga bo‘lib o‘qing: avval millionlar, keyin minglar, keyin yuzlar.

• 45forty-five
• 128a hundred and twenty-eight
• 305three hundred and five
• 1,350one thousand three hundred and fifty
• 24,600twenty-four thousand six hundred
• 2,500,000two and a half million / two million five hundred thousand

Britaniyada yuzdan keyin and qo‘yiladi: two hundred and five. Amerikada ko‘pincha andsiz: two hundred five.

hundred, thousand, million -s olmaydi

Son bilan kelganda hundred, thousand, million ko‘plik shaklini olmaydi:

• two hundred studentsikki yuz talaba (hundreds emas)
• three thousand sumuch ming so‘m (thousands emas)
• five million peoplebesh million odam

Lekin aniq son bo‘lmasa, “yuzlab, minglab” ma’nosida -s va of qo‘shiladi:

• hundreds of peopleyuzlab odamlar
• thousands of touristsminglab sayyohlar
• millions of starsmillionlab yulduzlar

Tartib sonlar

Ko‘pchilik tartib sonlar -th qo‘shib yasaladi. Lekin eng ko‘p ishlatiladiganlari — istisno.

Qoidalar:

• 1, 2, 3 — maxsus shakl: first, second, third (21st, 32nd, 43rd ham shunday);
• -ve → -fth: five → fifth, twelve → twelfth;
• -y → -ieth: twenty → twentieth, thirty → thirtieth;
• eight → eighth (faqat h qo‘shiladi), nine → ninth (e tushadi).

Tartib son oldidan odatda the qo‘yiladi: the first day, the second floor, the 21st century.

• This is my first visit to Khiva.Bu mening Xivaga birinchi tashrifim.
• We live on the third floor.Biz uchinchi qavatda yashaymiz.
• She came second in the race.U poygada ikkinchi bo‘ldi.
• It’s the twenty-first century.Hozir yigirma birinchi asr.

Sana

Sanani yozish va o‘qish

Britaniya va Amerikada sana turlicha yoziladi, lekin o‘qishda tartib son ishlatiladi.

Raqamli sana: 05/03/2026 — Britaniyada 5-mart, Amerikada 3-may! Rasmiy hujjatlarda bunga ehtiyot bo‘ling.

• My birthday is on the twelfth of April.Tug‘ilgan kunim 12-aprelda.
• Independence Day is on the first of September.Mustaqillik kuni 1-sentyabrda.
• Navruz is on the twenty-first of March.Navro‘z 21-martda.

Sanadan oldin predlog on, oydan oldin in: on 5 May, lekin in May.

Yillarni aytish

Yillar odatda ikki xonali juftlarga bo‘lib aytiladi.

• in 1991 → nineteen ninety-one1991-yilda
• in 1999 → nineteen ninety-nine1999-yilda
• in 2000 → two thousand2000-yilda
• in 2005 → two thousand and five2005-yilda
• in 2026 → twenty twenty-six2026-yilda
• in 1805 → eighteen oh five1805-yilda

2000–2009 yillari odatda two thousand (and) ... deb aytiladi. 2010 dan boshlab ikkala usul ham to‘g‘ri: two thousand and twenty-six yoki twenty twenty-six.

O‘n yilliklar: the 1990s — the nineties (90-yillar), the 2020s — the twenties.

Vaqt

Soatni aytish

• It’s seven o’clock.Soat yetti.
• half past sevenyetti yarim (7:30)
• a quarter past sevenyettidan o‘n besh daqiqa o‘tdi (7:15)
• a quarter to eightsakkizga o‘n besh daqiqa qoldi (7:45)
• ten past seven / twenty to eight7:10 / 7:40

Qoida:

• 1–30 daqiqa — past (o‘tdi): ten past seven (7:10);
• 31–59 daqiqa — keyingi soatga to (qoldi): twenty to eight (7:40);
• 15 daqiqa — a quarter, 30 daqiqa — half.

Oddiy usul: raqamlarni shunchaki ketma-ket aytish ham to‘g‘ri va zamonaviy: 7:10 — seven ten, 7:45 — seven forty-five, 9:05 — nine oh five.

am va pm

Inglizcha so‘zlashuvda 24 soatlik format kam ishlatiladi. 18:00 o‘rniga 6 pm yoki six in the evening deyiladi.

• What time is it? — It’s half past three.Soat necha? — Uch yarim.
• The shop opens at 9 am.Do‘kon ertalab soat 9 da ochiladi.
• The film starts at 8 pm.Film kechki soat 8 da boshlanadi.

Telefon, narx, foiz va kasr

Telefon raqami

Telefon raqami bittalab aytiladi. 0 — “oh” yoki “zero”. Ikkita bir xil raqam — double.

• 998 90 123 45 67 → nine nine eight, nine oh, one two three, four five, six sevenraqamlar bittalab
• 55 → double fiveikkita besh

Narx

• $25.50 → twenty-five dollars fifty (cents)narx
• £3.99 → three pounds ninety-ninenarx
• 15,000 sum → fifteen thousand sumo‘n besh ming so‘m

Vergul va nuqta

O‘zbekchadan farqli: inglizcha mingliklar vergul bilan, o‘nli kasr esa nuqta bilan ajratiladi.

Foiz va kasr

• 50% → fifty percentellik foiz
• 1/2 → a halfyarim
• 1/3 → a thirduchdan bir
• 1/4 → a quarterchorak
• 3/4 → three quartersto‘rtdan uch
• 2.5 → two and a half / two point fiveikki yarim

Yosh

• I am twenty-five (years old).Yigirma besh yoshdaman.
• a twenty-five-year-old manyigirma besh yoshli erkak
• She is in her thirties.U o‘ttiz yoshlarda. (30–39)

Sifat sifatida (otdan oldin) year ko‘plik olmaydi va chiziqcha bilan yoziladi: a five-year-old girl (years emas).

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: 3 457 sonini o‘qing

1. Mingliklar: 3 → three thousand.
2. Yuzliklar: 4 → four hundred.
3. and (Britaniya).
4. Qolgani: 57 → fifty-seven.

Misol: “Men 1998-yil 23-iyulda tug‘ilganman.”

1. Sana bor → predlog on.
2. Kun → tartib son: the twenty-third.
3. Yil → nineteen ninety-eight.

Misol: “Poyezd 18:45 da jo‘naydi.”

1. 18:45 = kechki 6:45 → 45 daqiqa → keyingi soatga a quarter to seven.
2. Yoki oddiy usul: six forty-five pm.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: -teen — urg‘u oxirida (13–19), -ty — urg‘u boshida (20, 30...). Sanada — tartib son.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Mehmonxonada

• — What’s your room number?— Xonangiz raqami qanday?
• — Two oh five. It’s on the second floor.— 205. Ikkinchi qavatda.
• — And when are you leaving?— Qachon ketyapsiz?
• — On the fifteenth, at ten am.— 15-sanada, ertalab soat 10 da.

Do‘konda

• — How much is this jacket?— Bu kurtka qancha turadi?
• — It’s three hundred and fifty thousand sum.— Uch yuz ellik ming so‘m.
• — Is there a discount?— Chegirma bormi?
• — Yes, twenty percent.— Ha, yigirma foiz.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. 14 → fourteen; 40 → forty
2. 365 → three hundred and sixty-five
3. 2nd → second; 5th → fifth; 12th → twelfth
4. 8-mart → the eighth of March
5. 1991-yil → nineteen ninety-one
6. 7:30 → half past seven
7. 9:45 → a quarter to ten
8. Xatoni toping: five hundreds dollars → five hundred dollars

Qisqa xulosa

• 13–19: -teen (urg‘u oxirida), o‘nliklar: -ty (urg‘u boshida).
• Son bilan hundred, thousand, million -s olmaydi; hundreds of — yuzlab.
• Tartib son: first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth — istisnolar.
• Sanada tartib son: the fifth of May; predlog on.
• Yillar juft-juft: nineteen ninety-one, twenty twenty-six.
• Soat: past (o‘tdi), to (qoldi), a quarter, half; am / pm.
• Vergul — mingliklar, nuqta — kasr: 1,000 va 3.5.
• billion = milliard.