Zero and First Conditional

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Shart gap — “agar ... bo‘lsa, ... bo‘ladi” degan gap. Har bir shart gap ikki qismdan iborat:

1. if qismi (shart) — “agar ... bo‘lsa”;
2. natija qismi — “... bo‘ladi”.

Ingliz tilida shart gaplar ehtimolga qarab turlarga bo‘linadi. Bu darsda birinchi ikkitasini o‘rganamiz:

• Zero Conditional (0-tur) — har doim shunday, fizika qoidasi yoki umumiy haqiqat kabi: Muzni qizdirsangiz, u eriydi.
• First Conditional (1-tur) — real kelajak, bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan holat: Yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolamiz.

Eng muhim qoida: if qismida hech qachon will kelmaydi, garchi ma’nosi kelajak bo‘lsa ham. Bu o‘zbekchadagi -sa qo‘shimchasiga o‘xshaydi: biz “yomg‘ir yog‘sa” deymiz, “yomg‘ir yog‘adigan bo‘lsa” demaymiz.

• If you heat ice, it melts.Muzni qizdirsangiz, u eriydi. (har doim — 0-tur)
• If it rains, we will stay at home.Yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolamiz. (real kelajak — 1-tur)

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Zero Conditional — doimiy haqiqatlar.
2. First Conditional — real kelajak.
3. if qismida will ishlatilmasligi.
4. Natija qismida buyruq va modal fe’llar.
5. unless, as long as, in case.
6. when va if farqi, vergul qoidasi va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Zero Conditional — doimiy haqiqat

Zero Conditional — har doim, istisnosiz to‘g‘ri bo‘lgan narsalar: tabiat qonunlari, ilmiy faktlar, umumiy haqiqatlar va shaxsiy odatlar.

Ikkala qismda ham Present Simple. Bu yerda if ni when (qachonki) bilan almashtirsa ham ma’no o‘zgarmaydi.

• If you heat ice, it melts.Muzni qizdirsangiz, u eriydi.
• If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.Suv 100 darajaga yetsa, qaynaydi.
• If you mix red and blue, you get purple.Qizil va ko‘kni aralashtirsangiz, binafsha rang hosil bo‘ladi.
• If plants don’t get water, they die.O‘simliklarga suv berilmasa, ular quriydi.
• If I drink coffee at night, I can’t sleep.Kechasi qahva ichsam, uxlay olmayman. (shaxsiy odat)
• If my mum is tired, she goes to bed early.Onam charchasa, erta yotadi.

First Conditional — real kelajak

First Conditional — kelajakda bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan, real holatlar va ularning natijasi.

if qismida — Present Simple (kelajak ma’nosida bo‘lsa ham!), natija qismida — will + fe’l.

• If it rains, we will stay at home.Yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolamiz.
• If you study, you will pass.O‘qisangiz, imtihondan o‘tasiz.
• I’ll call you if I have time.Vaqtim bo‘lsa, sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
• If she doesn’t hurry, she will miss the train.Shoshilmasa, poyezddan qoladi.
• If we leave now, we’ll arrive on time.Hozir chiqsak, vaqtida yetib boramiz.
• What will you do if you don’t pass the exam?Imtihondan o‘tmasangiz, nima qilasiz?

if qismida will yo‘q!

Bu eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato. O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ham, boshqalar ham ko‘pincha if qismiga will qo‘yishadi, chunki ma’no kelajak.

if — o‘zi kelajak ma’nosini beradi, shuning uchun will ortiqcha. Xuddi o‘zbekchada “yog‘sa” — kelajak qo‘shimchasi kerak emas.

Bu qoida when, as soon as, before, after, until uchun ham amal qiladi: I’ll call you when I arrive (when I will arrive emas).

Natija qismida boshqa so‘zlar

Natija qismida faqat will emas, buyruq, modal fe’llar (can, should, must, may, might) ham kelishi mumkin.

• If you see him, tell him to call me.Uni ko‘rsangiz, menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishini ayting.
• If you are tired, you should rest.Charchagan bo‘lsangiz, dam olishingiz kerak.
• If it’s sunny, we can go out.Quyoshli bo‘lsa, chiqishimiz mumkin.
• If you need help, call me.Yordam kerak bo‘lsa, menga qo‘ng‘iroq qiling.
• If you want to lose weight, you must eat less.Ozmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, kamroq yeyishingiz shart.

0-tur va 1-tur farqi

• If you heat water, it boils.Suvni qizdirsangiz, qaynaydi. (har doim)
• If you heat this water, it will boil soon.Bu suvni qizdirsangiz, tez orada qaynaydi. (bitta holat)
• If I eat too much, I feel sick.Ko‘p yesam, ko‘nglim ayniydi. (odatim)
• If I eat this cake, I’ll feel sick.Bu tortni yesam, ko‘nglim ayniydi. (hozirgi vaziyat)

unless — “agar ... bo‘lmasa”

unless = if ... not. U o‘zi inkor ma’nosiga ega, shuning uchun undan keyin not qo‘yilmaydi.

• Unless you hurry, you’ll miss the bus.Shoshilmasangiz, avtobusdan qolasiz.
• I won’t go unless you come with me.Siz men bilan bormasangiz, men bormayman.
• Unless it rains, we’ll have a picnic.Yomg‘ir yog‘masa, piknik qilamiz.
• You can’t enter unless you have a ticket.Chiptangiz bo‘lmasa, kira olmaysiz.

Unless you don’t hurry — xato (ikki marta inkor).

Boshqa shart so‘zlari

• You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.Ehtiyotkorlik bilan haydasangiz bas, mashinamni olishingiz mumkin.
• Take some money in case you need it.Kerak bo‘lib qolsa deb, biroz pul oling.

in case va if farqi: Take an umbrella if it rains — yomg‘ir yog‘sa oling (yog‘masa — olmang). Take an umbrella in case it rains — hozir oling, yog‘ib qolsa kerak bo‘ladi.

when va if

when — aniq bo‘ladi, faqat vaqt masalasi. if — bo‘lishi noma’lum.

• When I get home, I’ll call you.Uyga borganimda, qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman. (albatta boraman)
• If I get home early, I’ll call you.Erta borsam, qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman. (erta borishim noma’lum)
• When you finish university, what will you do?Universitetni tugatganingizda nima qilasiz? (tugatasiz)
• If you finish your homework, you can watch TV.Uy vazifangni qilsang, televizor ko‘rishing mumkin.

Vergul qoidasi

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Agar ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘sa, uyda qolamiz.”

1. Shartni toping: yomg‘ir yog‘sa.
2. Hozirgi zamon qiling: if it rains (will yo‘q!).
3. Natijani toping: uyda qolamiz.
4. will qo‘shing: we will stay at home.

Tartibni almashtirsa ham bo‘ladi, shunda vergul kerak emas: We will stay at home if it rains.

Misol: “Shoshilmasangiz, kechikasiz.” (unless bilan)

1. Shart (inkor): shoshilmasangiz → unless you hurry (not yo‘q!).
2. Natija: kechikasiz → you’ll be late.

Misol: “Muzlatgichga sut qo‘ymasangiz, u buziladi.” (har doim)

1. Umumiy haqiqat → Zero Conditional.
2. Ikkala qism ham Present Simple.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: if qismida — Present Simple, natija qismida — will (1-tur) yoki Present Simple (0-tur).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Imtihon oldidan

• — I’m so nervous about the exam.— Imtihondan juda xavotirdaman.
• — Don’t worry. If you study tonight, you’ll pass.— Xavotir olmang. Bugun kechqurun o‘qisangiz, o‘tasiz.
• — But what will I do if I forget everything?— Lekin hammasini unutib qo‘ysam nima qilaman?
• — You won’t forget unless you panic.— Vahima qilmasangiz, unutmaysiz.
• — OK. If I pass, I’ll buy you dinner!— Mayli. O‘tsam, sizni kechki ovqatga taklif qilaman!

Ota-onaning maslahati

If you want to be healthy, you should eat vegetables. If you don’t sleep enough, you feel tired. If you go to bed late tonight, you won’t wake up for school. Unless you do your homework, you can’t play computer games. And if you need anything, just call me!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. If you ___ (heat) metal, it ___ (expand). → heat / expands
2. If it ___ (be) sunny tomorrow, we ___ (go) to the beach. → is / will go
3. I ___ (help) you if I ___ (have) time. → will help / have
4. ___ you hurry, you’ll miss the bus. → Unless
5. Pulim bo‘lsa, yangi telefon olaman. → If I have money, I’ll buy a new phone.
6. Uni ko‘rsangiz, salom ayting. → If you see him, say hello.
7. Kerak bo‘lib qolsa deb, kurtka oling. → Take a jacket in case you need it.
8. Xatoni toping: If she will call, I will answer. → If she calls, I will answer.

Qisqa xulosa

• 0-tur: If + Present, Present — doimiy haqiqat, umumiy qoida.
• 1-tur: If + Present, will + fe’l — real kelajak.
• if qismida will yo‘q (when, as soon as uchun ham).
• Natijada buyruq yoki modal ham bo‘lishi mumkin: If you see him, tell him.
• unless = if ... not (yana not qo‘shilmaydi).
• as long as — ...sa bas, in case — ehtiyot uchun.
• when — albatta bo‘ladi, if — noma’lum.
• if birinchi bo‘lsa — vergul, natija birinchi bo‘lsa — vergul yo‘q.