Wish and If only

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Wish — hozirgi haqiqatdan norozilik yoki o‘tmishdagi afsus. “Qaniydi boshqacha bo‘lsa!”, “Qaniydi o‘shanda boshqacha qilganimda!”

O‘zbekchada bu qaniydi, koshki, -sa edi, -ganimda edi iboralari bilan aytiladi:

• I wish I had more time.Qaniydi, ko‘proq vaqtim bo‘lsa. (aslida vaqtim yo‘q)
• I wish I hadn’t said that.Koshki buni aytmaganimda. (lekin aytdim)

Inglizchada haqiqatdan uzoqlikni zamonni orqaga surish bilan ko‘rsatamiz — xuddi 2-tur va 3-tur shart gaplardagi kabi.

Oddiy formula:

• hozir haqidagi orzu uchun — bir qadam o‘tmishga (Past Simple);
• o‘tmish haqidagi afsus uchun — ikki qadam (Past Perfect).

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. wish + Past Simple — hozirgi holatdan norozilik.
2. wish + Past Perfect — o‘tmishdagi afsus.
3. wish + would — boshqa odamning harakatidan bezovtalik.
4. wish + could — qobiliyat haqida.
5. if only — kuchliroq his.
6. wish va hope farqi, would rather va eng ko‘p xatolar.

1. Hozirgi afsus: wish + Past Simple

Hozirgi holat bizga yoqmaydi va biz uning boshqacha bo‘lishini xohlaymiz. Fe’l Past Simple’da, lekin ma’no — hozir.

• I wish I had more time.Qaniydi, ko‘proq vaqtim bo‘lsa.
• I wish I lived near the sea.Qaniydi, dengiz yaqinida yashasam.
• I wish I knew the answer.Qaniydi, javobni bilsam.
• I wish my flat was bigger.Qaniydi, kvartiram kattaroq bo‘lsa.
• I wish I didn’t have to work today.Qaniydi, bugun ishlashim shart bo‘lmasa.
• She wishes she spoke French.U fransuzcha gapira olishni xohlaydi.

were

to be bilan rasmiy uslubda hamma shaxsda were ishlatiladi. So‘zlashuvda was ham eshitiladi.

• I wish I were taller.Qaniydi, bo‘yim balandroq bo‘lsa.
• I wish it were summer.Qaniydi, yoz bo‘lsa.
• I wish you were here.Qaniydi, siz shu yerda bo‘lsangiz.

2. O‘tmishdagi afsus: wish + Past Perfect

O‘tmishda bo‘lgan (yoki bo‘lmagan) narsadan afsuslanamiz. Endi uni o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydi.

• I wish I hadn’t said that.Buni aytmaganimda edi. (lekin aytdim)
• I wish I had studied harder at school.Koshki maktabda ko‘proq o‘qiganimda. (o‘qimadim)
• She wishes she had taken that job.U o‘sha ishni olmaganidan afsuslanadi.
• I wish we had gone to the party.Qaniydi, bazmga borganimizda. (bormadik)
• I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.Koshki bunchalik ko‘p yemaganimda.

3. Bezovtalik: wish + would

Boshqa odam yoki vaziyat sizni bezovta qiladi va siz uning o‘zgarishini xohlaysiz. Ko‘pincha shikoyat yoki norozilik ohangida.

• I wish you would listen.Qaniydi meni tinglasangiz.
• I wish the neighbours would stop the noise.Qaniydi qo‘shnilar shovqinni to‘xtatsa.
• I wish it would stop raining.Qaniydi yomg‘ir to‘xtasa.
• I wish you wouldn’t leave your clothes on the floor!Qaniydi kiyimlaringni polga tashlab qo‘ymasang!
• I wish he would call me.Qaniydi u menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilsa.

Muhim: o‘zingiz haqida would emas

wish + would — faqat boshqa odam yoki narsa haqida. O‘zingiz haqida would ishlatilmaydi.

Holat fe’llari bilan (know, have, be) ham would ishlatilmaydi: I wish he knew (would know emas).

4. Qobiliyat: wish + could

Qobiliyat yoki imkoniyat haqida.

• I wish I could drive.Qaniydi, mashina hayday olsam.
• I wish I could speak English fluently.Qaniydi, inglizchada ravon gapira olsam.
• I wish I could help you.Qaniydi, sizga yordam bera olsam.
• I wish I could have come.Qaniydi, kela olganimda. (o‘tmish)
• I wish we could have stayed longer.Qaniydi, uzoqroq qola olganimizda.

if only — kuchliroq his

if only — wish bilan bir xil tuzilma, lekin his-tuyg‘u kuchliroq. Ko‘pincha undov belgisi bilan.

• If only I knew her name!Qaniydi ismini bilsam!
• If only you had told me!Qaniydi menga aytganingizda!
• If only I had listened to my mother!Qani endi onamga quloq solganimda!
• If only it would stop raining!Qaniydi yomg‘ir to‘xtasa!
• If only I were rich!Qaniydi, boy bo‘lsam!

wish va hope farqi

Bu juda muhim farq.

• I hope you pass.O‘tasiz deb umid qilaman. (bo‘lishi mumkin)
• I wish I could help.Qaniydi yordam bera olsam. (lekin bera olmayman)
• I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.Ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘masa deb umid qilaman.
• I wish it wasn’t raining.Qaniydi yomg‘ir yog‘mayotgan bo‘lsa. (yog‘yapti)
• I hope you get well soon.Tezroq tuzalishingizga umid qilaman.

hope dan keyin oddiy zamonlar (Present yoki will), wish dan keyin — orqaga surilgan zamonlar.

Tilak bildirish

wish + odam + ot — tilak bildirish (bu yerda zamon surilmaydi):

• I wish you a happy birthday!Tug‘ilgan kuningiz muborak bo‘lsin!
• We wish you good luck.Sizga omad tilaymiz.

wish, hope yoki would?

would rather — afzal ko‘rish

would rather + ega + Past Simple — boshqa odamning qanday qilishini afzal ko‘rishni bildiradi. Bu ham orqaga surilgan zamon.

• I’d rather you didn’t smoke here.Bu yerda chekmasangiz yaxshi bo‘lardi.
• I’d rather you came tomorrow.Ertaga kelsangiz yaxshiroq bo‘lardi.

Bu mavzuni “Would rather, Had better, It’s time” darsida batafsil o‘rganamiz.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Haqiqatdan orzuga o‘tamiz:

1. Haqiqatni yozing: I don’t have a car.
2. Zamonni bir qadam orqaga suring: have → had.
3. Bo‘lishli / inkorni almashtiring: I had a car.
4. wish qo‘shing: I wish I had a car.

Misol: “Qaniydi, ingliz tilini yaxshiroq bilsam.”

1. Haqiqat: ingliz tilini yaxshi bilmayman (hozir).
2. Hozirgi afsus → wish + Past Simple.
3. know → knew; yaxshiroq → better.

Misol: “Koshki o‘sha kuni uyda qolganimda.”

1. Haqiqat: o‘sha kuni uyda qolmadim (o‘tmish).
2. O‘tmishdagi afsus → wish + Past Perfect.

Misol: “Qaniydi akam baland ovozda musiqa qo‘ymasa.” (bezovtalik)

1. Boshqa odamning harakati bezovta qiladi → wish + would.
2. Inkor: wouldn’t.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: hozir — wish + Past Simple, o‘tmish — wish + Past Perfect, boshqa odam — wish + would. Real umid — hope.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Do‘stlar suhbati

• — I’m so tired. I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow.— Juda charchadim. Qaniydi, ertaga ishlashim shart bo‘lmasa.
• — Me too. I wish I had a long holiday.— Men ham. Qaniydi, uzoq ta’tilim bo‘lsa.
• — And I wish I hadn’t spent all my money last month.— Va koshki o‘tgan oy hamma pulimni sarflamaganimda.
• — If only we were rich!— Qaniydi boy bo‘lsak!
• — Well, I hope we get a bonus this year.— Mayli, bu yil mukofot olamiz deb umid qilaman.

Kichik matn

Sometimes I think about my life. I wish I lived closer to my parents — they’re in Khorezm and I’m in Tashkent. I wish I could visit them every weekend. I also wish I had learned English when I was a child; it would be so much easier now. And I wish my neighbours would be quieter at night! But I’m not unhappy. I hope things will get better, and I’m working hard to make my dreams come true.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I wish I ___ (be) on holiday now. → were
2. She wishes she ___ (not / sell) her old car last year. → hadn’t sold
3. I wish you ___ (stop) talking during the film! → would stop
4. I wish I ___ (can) play the guitar. → could
5. Qaniydi, ko‘proq do‘stlarim bo‘lsa. → I wish I had more friends.
6. Koshki unga haqiqatni aytganimda. → I wish I had told him the truth.
7. Imtihondan o‘tasiz deb umid qilaman. → I hope you pass the exam.
8. Xatoni toping: I wish I would be younger. → I wish I were younger.

Qisqa xulosa

• Hozirgi orzu / norozilik: wish + Past Simple — I wish I had more time.
• O‘tmishdagi afsus: wish + Past Perfect — I wish I hadn’t said that.
• Boshqa odamning harakati: wish + would — I wish you would listen.
• Qobiliyat: wish + could — I wish I could drive.
• to be — rasmiy uslubda were hamma shaxsda.
• if only — wish’dan kuchliroq his.
• hope — real ehtimol; wish — xayoliy, imkonsiz.
• O‘zingiz haqida would ishlatilmaydi: I wish I would know → I wish I knew.