Superlative Adjectives

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Qiyosiy daraja ikki narsani solishtirsa, orttirma daraja g‘olibni aniqlaydi. Sinfdagi barcha o‘quvchilardan eng balandi kim? Dunyodagi eng baland tog‘ qaysi? Hayotingizdagi eng baxtli kun qachon bo‘lgan?

O‘zbekchada bunga eng so‘zi yordam beradi: eng baland, eng qiziq, eng yaxshi. Inglizchada:

• qisqa sifatlar: the + sifat-est: the tallest;
• uzun sifatlar: the most + sifat: the most interesting.

The nega shart? Chunki “eng baland” odam bitta, u aniq. Aniq narsa bilan esa doim the keladi.

• Everest is the highest mountain in the world.Everest dunyodagi eng baland tog‘.
• She is the best student in our class.U sinfimizdagi eng yaxshi o‘quvchi.
• It was the worst day of my life.Bu hayotimdagi eng yomon kun edi.
• This is the most expensive phone.Bu eng qimmat telefon.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. -est va the most qoidalari, imlo o‘zgarishlari.
2. Noto‘g‘ri shakllar: the best, the worst, the furthest.
3. in yoki of — guruhni qanday aytish.
4. Present Perfect bilan: the best film I’ve ever seen.
5. one of the ... + ko‘plik ot.
6. the least, second biggest va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Qisqa sifatlar: the + -est

Imlo qoidalari

Qiyosiy darajadagi qoidalar bilan bir xil:

• July is the hottest month in Tashkent.Iyul — Toshkentdagi eng issiq oy.
• This is the easiest exercise.Bu eng oson mashq.
• My grandmother is the nicest person I know.Buvim — men taniydigan eng yoqimli inson.
• The Amazon is one of the longest rivers in the world.Amazonka — dunyodagi eng uzun daryolardan biri.

Uzun sifatlar: the most

Ikki va undan ko‘p bo‘g‘inli sifatlarda (‑y bilan tugaydiganlardan tashqari) the most + sifat.

• the most beautiful cityeng chiroyli shahar
• the most interesting bookeng qiziqarli kitob
• the most important thingeng muhim narsa
• the most expensive restauranteng qimmat restoran
• the most famous writereng mashhur yozuvchi
• the most comfortable chaireng qulay stul

• Registan is the most famous place in Samarkand.Registon — Samarqanddagi eng mashhur joy.
• Health is the most important thing in life.Sog‘liq — hayotdagi eng muhim narsa.

Noto‘g‘ri shakllar

• This is the best restaurant in town.Bu shahardagi eng yaxshi restoran.
• That was the worst film I’ve ever seen.Bu men ko‘rgan eng yomon film edi.
• Who has the most money in your family?Oilangizda kimning puli eng ko‘p?

The goodest, the baddest, the most good — xato. Faqat the best, the worst.

Uch darajani birga ko‘ring

• Ali is tall.Ali baland.
• Vali is taller than Ali.Vali Alidan balandroq.
• Sardor is the tallest of the three.Sardor uchalasi ichida eng balandi.

in yoki of?

Orttirma darajadan keyin guruh yoki joy ko‘pincha aytiladi. Qaysi predlog ishlatilishi guruh turiga bog‘liq.

• She is the youngest in her family.U oilasida eng kichigi.
• Tashkent is the biggest city in Central Asia.Toshkent — Markaziy Osiyodagi eng katta shahar.
• It was the happiest day of my life.Bu hayotimdagi eng baxtli kun edi.
• He is the oldest of the four brothers.U to‘rt aka-ukaning eng kattasi.
• December is the coldest month of the year.Dekabr — yilning eng sovuq oyi.

The best of the world — xato. Joy bilan in: the best in the world.

Present Perfect bilan

Orttirma daraja ko‘pincha I have ever + V3 bilan keladi — “men hayotimda ... eng ...”

• This is the best meal I’ve ever had.Bu men yegan eng yaxshi taom.
• She is the kindest person I’ve ever met.U men uchratgan eng mehribon inson.
• It’s the most beautiful place I’ve ever seen.Bu men ko‘rgan eng go‘zal joy.
• That was the hardest exam I’ve ever taken.Bu men topshirgan eng qiyin imtihon edi.

one of the ...

“Eng ...lardan biri” iborasidan keyin ot ko‘plikda keladi — chunki “ko‘plardan biri”.

• It is one of the best films of the year.Bu yilning eng yaxshi filmlaridan biri.
• Samarkand is one of the oldest cities in the world.Samarqand — dunyodagi eng qadimiy shaharlardan biri.
• She is one of the most famous singers in Uzbekistan.U O‘zbekistondagi eng mashhur xonandalardan biri.

One of the best film — xato. films — ko‘plik.

the least — eng kam

the most ning qarama-qarshisi — the least (eng kam). Odatda uzun sifatlar bilan.

• This is the least expensive hotel.Bu eng arzon mehmonxona. (eng kam qimmat)
• It was the least interesting lesson.Bu eng zerikarli dars edi. (eng kam qiziqarli)

So‘zlashuvda ko‘pincha qarama-qarshi sifatning orttirma darajasi ishlatiladi: the cheapest hotel, the most boring lesson.

Tartib bilan: second, third

“Ikkinchi eng katta”, “uchinchi eng baland” — tartib son the va orttirma daraja orasida turadi.

• Samarkand is the second biggest city in Uzbekistan.Samarqand — O‘zbekistondagi ikkinchi eng katta shahar.
• K2 is the second highest mountain in the world.K2 — dunyodagi ikkinchi eng baland tog‘.

the siz holatlar

Egalik so‘zi (my, your, his) bo‘lsa, the qo‘yilmaydi:

• My best friend lives in Fergana.Eng yaqin do‘stim Farg‘onada yashaydi. (the my best emas)
• This is his biggest problem.Bu uning eng katta muammosi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Toshkent O‘zbekistondagi eng katta shahar.”

1. Sifat: katta → big, qisqa → biggest (undosh ikkilanadi).
2. the qo‘shing: the biggest.
3. Ot: city.
4. Guruh (joy): in Uzbekistan.

Misol: “Bu men o‘qigan eng qiziqarli kitob.”

1. Sifat: qiziqarli → interesting (uzun) → the most interesting.
2. Ot: book.
3. Tajriba: I’ve ever read.

Misol: “U dunyodagi eng yaxshi futbolchilardan biri.”

1. Eng ...lardan biri → one of the + ko‘plik.
2. Sifat: good → best. Ot: players (ko‘plik).
3. Joy: in the world.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: qisqa sifat — the + -est, uzun sifat — the most + sifat. The doim kerak.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Viktorina

• — What’s the longest river in the world?— Dunyodagi eng uzun daryo qaysi?
• — I think it’s the Nile.— Menimcha, Nil.
• — Correct! And what’s the largest country?— To‘g‘ri! Eng katta davlat-chi?
• — Russia.— Rossiya.
• — And the most popular sport?— Eng ommabop sport turi?
• — Football, of course!— Albatta, futbol!

Oila haqida

I have two brothers and a sister. My older brother Rustam is the tallest in our family — he’s almost two metres! My sister Nodira is the youngest, but she is the cleverest. She’s the best student in her school. I’m the funniest, of course. My mother says our family is the noisiest in the street!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. big → the biggest; nice → the nicest
2. happy → the happiest; famous → the most famous
3. good → the best; bad → the worst
4. This is ___ (cheap) shop in the city. → the cheapest
5. Bu hayotimdagi eng baxtli kun. → This is the happiest day of my life.
6. U sinfdagi eng aqlli o‘quvchi. → She is the cleverest student in the class.
7. Bu men ko‘rgan eng yaxshi film. → This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
8. Xatoni toping: Navoi is one of the most famous poet. → ... one of the most famous poets.

Qisqa xulosa

• Qisqa sifat: the + sifat-est: the tallest.
• Uzun sifat: the most + sifat: the most beautiful.
• Imlo: nice → the nicest, big → the biggest, easy → the easiest.
• Noto‘g‘ri: the best, the worst, the furthest — yodlanadi.
• Joy va guruh — in (in the world), davr va son — of (of my life).
• Tajriba bilan: the best ... I’ve ever seen.
• one of the + orttirma + ko‘plik ot.
• Egalik so‘zi bilan the yo‘q: my best friend.