Advanced Comparatives

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Oddiy qiyosiy daraja (A2) ikki narsani solishtiradi: bigger, more expensive. Yuqori darajada esa biz farqning kattaligini ham aytamiz: biroz qimmatroq, ancha yaxshiroq, ikki baravar katta, hatto yaqin ham emas.

• This phone is more expensive than that one.Bu telefon anavisidan qimmatroq. (A2 — oddiy)
• This phone is much more expensive than that one.Bu telefon anavisidan ancha qimmat. (farq katta)
• This phone is slightly more expensive.Bu telefon sal qimmatroq. (farq kichik)
• This phone costs twice as much as that one.Bu telefon anavisidan ikki baravar qimmat. (aniq farq)

O‘zbekchada bu ancha, biroz, sal, ikki baravar, ...ning yarmicha so‘zlariga to‘g‘ri keladi.

Yana bir chiroyli tuzilma: the more ..., the more ... — “qancha ko‘p ..., shuncha ko‘p ...” — ikki narsa birga o‘zgaradi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Farqni kuchaytirish va kamaytirish: much, far, slightly, a bit.
2. The more ..., the more ...
3. Tobora: colder and colder, more and more.
4. as ... as bilan: twice as, not nearly as, just as.
5. Orttirma darajani kuchaytirish: by far the best.
6. Grafik va ma’lumotlarni tasvirlash (IELTS) va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Farqni aniqlash

Qiyosiy daraja oldiga so‘z qo‘yib, farqning kattaligini ko‘rsatamiz.

• It’s much better.Ancha yaxshi.
• It’s far more expensive.Ancha qimmat.
• It’s a lot easier now.Endi ancha oson.
• It’s a bit colder today.Bugun biroz sovuqroq.
• It’s slightly bigger.Sal kattaroq.
• It’s even better than I expected.Kutganimdan ham yaxshi.
• Prices are considerably higher this year.Bu yil narxlar ancha yuqori. (rasmiy)

Very qiyosiy daraja bilan ishlatilmaydi: very better, very more expensive. To‘g‘ri: much better, much more expensive.

much / many more

Ot oldida more ni kuchaytirish uchun: much more (sanalmaydigan), many more (sanaladigan).

• We need much more time.Bizga ancha ko‘proq vaqt kerak.
• There are many more people here than I expected.Bu yerda kutganimdan ancha ko‘p odam bor.

Qanchalik ..., shunchalik ...

Ikki narsa parallel o‘zgaradi: biri oshsa, ikkinchisi ham oshadi (yoki kamayadi).

• The more you practise, the better you get.Qancha ko‘p mashq qilsangiz, shuncha yaxshi bo‘lasiz.
• The sooner, the better.Qancha tez bo‘lsa, shuncha yaxshi.
• The older he gets, the wiser he becomes.Yoshi ulg‘aygan sari u donolashib boradi.
• The more money you earn, the more you spend.Qancha ko‘p pul topsangiz, shuncha ko‘p sarflaysiz.
• The less you sleep, the more tired you feel.Qancha kam uxlasangiz, shuncha charchaysiz.
• The harder it is, the more interesting it becomes.Qancha qiyin bo‘lsa, shuncha qiziqarli bo‘ladi.

Ikkala qismda ham the — majburiy: More you read, more you learn — xato.

Tobora — -er and -er

“Borgan sari, tobora” ma’nosi uchun qiyosiy shakl takrorlanadi.

• It’s getting colder and colder.Tobora sovuqlashib boryapti.
• English is becoming more and more popular.Ingliz tili tobora ommalashib boryapti.
• The city is getting bigger and bigger.Shahar tobora kattalashib boryapti.
• He became less and less interested in his studies.U o‘qishga tobora kamroq qiziqa boshladi.
• Prices are going up faster and faster.Narxlar tobora tezroq oshyapti.

as ... as bilan

as ... as — tenglik. Uning oldiga so‘z qo‘yib, baravar yoki farq darajasini ko‘rsatish mumkin.

• It costs twice as much as the old one.Eskisidan ikki baravar qimmat.
• It’s three times as big as my room.Xonamdan uch baravar katta.
• This flat is half as expensive as that one.Bu kvartira anavisidan ikki baravar arzon.
• It’s nowhere near as good as the book.Kitobchalik yaxshi emas, hatto yaqin ham emas.
• She is not nearly as tall as you.U sizchalik baland emas.
• He works just as hard as she does.U ham o‘sha ayolchalik qattiq ishlaydi.
• The test was almost as difficult as last year’s.Test o‘tgan yilgisidek deyarli qiyin edi.
• As soon as possible.Iloji boricha tezroq.

Baravar: times ... -er than

Baravarni qiyosiy daraja bilan ham aytish mumkin (3 va undan ko‘p uchun):

• It’s three times bigger than mine.Menikidan uch baravar katta.
• It’s ten times more expensive.O‘n baravar qimmat.

Ikki baravar uchun — faqat twice as ... as: twice as big as (two times bigger — so‘zlashuvda uchraydi, lekin rasmiy emas).

Orttirma darajani kuchaytirish

• This is by far the best option.Bu eng yaxshi variant, shubhasiz.
• She is easily the most talented student.U shubhasiz eng iqtidorli talaba.
• It was the worst day ever.Bu eng yomon kun edi.
• This is one of the most beautiful places I’ve ever seen.Bu men ko‘rgan eng go‘zal joylardan biri.
• He’s the second tallest in the class.U sinfda ikkinchi eng baland.

Boshqa taqqoslash tuzilmalari

• He is the same age as me.U men bilan tengdosh.
• It’s similar to / different from mine.Meniki bilan o‘xshash / farqli.
• Compared to Tashkent, Bukhara is much smaller.Toshkentga qaraganda Buxoro ancha kichik.

superior / inferior dan keyin than emas, to: superior to (superior than — xato).

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Qancha ko‘p o‘qisangiz, shuncha ko‘p bilasiz.”

1. Birinchi o‘zgarish: ko‘p o‘qiysiz → The more you read.
2. Ikkinchi o‘zgarish: ko‘p bilasiz → the more you know.
3. Vergul bilan bog‘lang.

Sifat bilan: The harder it is, the better.

Misol: “Bu shahar Samarqanddan uch baravar katta.”

1. Baravar + as ... as → three times as big as.

Misol: “Film kitobchalik yaxshi emas, hatto yaqin ham emas.”

1. Katta farq, inkor → nowhere near as ... as.

Grafik tasvirlash (IELTS)

IELTS Writing Task 1 da grafik va jadvallarni tasvirlashda bu tuzilmalar juda muhim.

• Sales were considerably higher in 2020.2020-yilda sotuvlar ancha yuqori edi.
• Prices rose twice as fast as wages.Narxlar maoshdan ikki baravar tez oshdi.
• The number of visitors was slightly lower in winter.Qishda tashrif buyuruvchilar soni sal kamroq edi.
• Spending on food was almost three times as much as spending on transport.Oziq-ovqatga sarf transportdagidan deyarli uch baravar ko‘p edi.
• The higher the income, the more people spent on travel.Daromad qancha yuqori bo‘lsa, odamlar sayohatga shuncha ko‘p sarflagan.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: much / far / a lot — katta farq, a bit / slightly — kichik farq. The more ..., the more ... — ikkala qismda the. twice as ... as — ikki baravar.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ikki ishni taqqoslash

• — Which job are you going to take?— Qaysi ishni olmoqchisiz?
• — The second one. The salary is much higher.— Ikkinchisini. Maoshi ancha yuqori.
• — But it’s far more stressful, isn’t it?— Lekin ancha ko‘proq stressli, shunday emasmi?
• — Yes, but the office is twice as close to my home.— Ha, lekin ofis uyimga ikki baravar yaqin.
• — Well, the closer it is, the less time you waste.— Mayli, qancha yaqin bo‘lsa, shuncha kam vaqt yo‘qotasiz.
• — Exactly. And it’s by far the best company in the city.— Aynan. Va bu shahardagi eng yaxshi kompaniya, shubhasiz.

Kichik matn

Life in Tashkent is getting more and more expensive. Rent is considerably higher than five years ago — in some areas it’s almost twice as much. However, salaries are nowhere near as high as prices. The bigger the city grows, the more traffic there is. On the other hand, the metro is much more modern now, and life is far more comfortable than in the past.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. This exercise is ___ easier than the last one. (katta farq) → much / far / a lot
2. ___ more you practise, ___ better you speak. → The / the
3. The weather is getting ___ (warm). (tobora) → warmer and warmer
4. My flat is ___ big as yours. (ikki baravar) → twice as
5. Bu restoran anavisidan sal arzonroq. → This restaurant is slightly cheaper than that one.
6. Bu, shubhasiz, eng yaxshi film. → This is by far the best film.
7. U menga o‘xshab qattiq ishlaydi. → He works just as hard as me.
8. Xatoni toping: This car is very more expensive than mine. → This car is much more expensive than mine.

Qisqa xulosa

• Katta farq: much, far, a lot, considerably, significantly.
• Kichik farq: a bit, slightly, a little, marginally.
• even — bundan ham; very qiyosiy bilan ishlatilmaydi.
• The more ..., the more ... — ikkala qismda the.
• Tobora: colder and colder, more and more popular.
• twice as ... as, three times as ... as, half as ... as.
• not nearly / nowhere near as ... as — hatto yaqin ham emas.
• by far the best — shubhasiz eng yaxshi.
• superior / inferior to (than emas).