As if, As though, Suppose — Xayoliy o‘xshatishlar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Bir odam to‘satdan oqarib ketdi va siz: “U xuddi arvoh ko‘rgandek” deysiz. Mana shu — as if: biror narsani boshqa narsaga o‘xshatish. O‘zbekchada bu xuddi ... dek, go‘yo, ...ga o‘xshaydi iboralariga to‘g‘ri keladi.

She looked as if she had seen a ghost.U xuddi arvoh ko‘rgandek ko‘rinardi.
He talks as if he knew everything.U xuddi hamma narsani biladigandek gapiradi.
It looks as if it’s going to rain.Yomg‘ir yog‘adiganga o‘xshaydi.

Muhim farq: agar o‘xshatish real bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lsa — oddiy zamon. Agar u haqiqatga zid bo‘lsa — zamonni orqaga suramiz (xuddi wish va 2-tur shart gaplardagi kabi).

Real bo‘lishi mumkinas if + hozirgi zamon: He looks as if he is tired.

Xayoliy, hoziras if + Past Simple: He talks as if he knew everything.

Xayoliy, o‘tmishas if + Past Perfect: She looked as if she had seen a ghost.

As if va as though — ma’nosi deyarli bir xil. As though biroz rasmiyroq.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

as if / as though — real va xayoliy o‘xshatish.
Zamonni qanday tanlash.
look, seem, sound, feel, act bilan.
as if va like farqi.
Faraz iboralari: suppose, imagine, what if.
It’s time, would rather bilan bog‘liqlik va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Real bo‘lishi mumkin — oddiy zamon

O‘xshatish haqiqat bo‘lishi mumkin — biz bunga ishonamiz yoki ehtimol deb hisoblaymiz.

You look as if you haven’t slept.Uxlamaganga o‘xshaysiz. (balki rostdan uxlamagan)
She looks as if she is ill.U kasal ko‘rinadi. (balki kasal)
It looks as if it’s going to rain.Yomg‘ir yog‘adiganga o‘xshaydi. (bulutlar bor)
He sounds as if he’s got a cold.Uning ovozi shamollaganga o‘xshaydi.
It seems as if they are happy together.Ular birga baxtliga o‘xshaydi.

Xayoliy, hozir — Past Simple

O‘xshatish haqiqatga zid — biz bilamizki, aslida bunday emas. Zamon bir qadam orqaga suriladi.

He talks as if he knew everything.U xuddi hamma narsani biladigandek gapiradi. (aslida bilmaydi)
He spends money as though he were rich.U xuddi boydek pul sarflaydi. (aslida boy emas)
She treats me as if I were a child.U menga xuddi boladek munosabatda bo‘ladi. (men bola emasman)
He behaves as if he owned the place.U xuddi bu joy uniki kabi o‘zini tutadi.

were — rasmiy uslubda hamma shaxsda (xuddi If I were you kabi): as if he were. So‘zlashuvda was ham eshitiladi.

Xayoliy, o‘tmish — Past Perfect

O‘xshatish o‘tmishdagi voqeaga ishora qiladi va u bo‘lmagan (yoki biz bunga ishonmaymiz).

You look as if you had seen a ghost.Xuddi arvoh ko‘rgandek ko‘rinasiz. (ko‘rmagan)
She looked at me as if I had said something terrible.U menga xuddi dahshatli narsa aytgandek qaradi.
He acted as though nothing had happened.U xuddi hech narsa bo‘lmagandek o‘zini tutdi.
I feel as if I had run a marathon.Xuddi marafon yugurgandek his qilyapman.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Zamonni tanlash uchun savol bering: “Bu aslida to‘g‘rimi?”

To‘g‘ri bo‘lishi mumkin → oddiy zamon.
To‘g‘ri emas, hozirgi → Past Simple (were).
To‘g‘ri emas, o‘tmish → Past Perfect.

She looks as if she is ill.U kasal ko‘rinadi. (balki kasal)
He talks as if he were my boss.U xuddi boshlig‘imdek gapiradi. (boshliq emas)
You look as if you had seen a ghost.Xuddi arvoh ko‘rgandek ko‘rinasiz. (ko‘rmagan)

Misol: “U xuddi bizni tanimaydigandek o‘zini tutdi.”

Haqiqat: u bizni taniydi → xayoliy.
Vaqt: o‘sha paytda (o‘tmish), lekin “tanimaslik” — holat → Past Simple yoki Past Perfect.
as if he didn’t know us (holat o‘sha paytda ham to‘g‘ri bo‘lmagan).

NatijaHe acted as if he didn’t know us.

Misol: “Siz charchaganga o‘xshaysiz.”

Real bo‘lishi mumkin → oddiy zamon.

NatijaYou look as if you are tired.

Qaysi fe’llar bilan?

look, seem, sound, feel, act, talk, behave, treat ko‘pincha as if bilan keladi.

Fe’l	Ma’nosi	Misol
look	ko‘rinmoq	You look as if you need a rest.
seem	tuyulmoq	It seems as if nobody cares.
sound	eshitilmoq	It sounds as if they are arguing.
feel	his qilmoq	It feels as if I’ve known you for years.
act / behave	o‘zini tutmoq	He acts as if he’s the boss.
talk	gapirmoq	She talks as if she knows everything.
treat	munosabatda bo‘lmoq	They treat me as if I were a stranger.

It sounds as if they are arguing.Ular janjallashayotganga o‘xshaydi.
It feels as if I’ve known you for years.Sizni yillardan beri taniganimdek his qilyapman.
It seems as if winter will never end.Qish hech qachon tugamaydiganga o‘xshaydi.

as if va like farqi

like + ot / olmoshShe looks like her mother. (onasiga o‘xshaydi)

as if + gapShe looks as if she’s tired. (charchagan ko‘rinadi)

She looks like her mother.U onasiga o‘xshaydi. (ot)
She looks as if she’s tired.U charchagan ko‘rinadi. (gap)
It looks like rain.Yomg‘ir yog‘adiganga o‘xshaydi. (ot)
It looks as if it’s going to rain.Yomg‘ir yog‘adiganga o‘xshaydi. (gap)

Yodda tuting: so‘zlashuvda like gap oldida ham ko‘p eshitiladi: It looks like it’s going to rain. Bu Amerika inglizchasida juda keng tarqalgan. Lekin rasmiy yozuvda gap oldida as if ni ishlating.

Faraz iboralari

Xayoliy vaziyatni tasavvur qilish uchun boshqa iboralar ham bor. Ularda ham zamon xuddi shart gaplardagi kabi tanlanadi.

Ibora	Ma’nosi
Suppose / Supposing	Faraz qilaylik
Imagine	Tasavvur qiling
What if	...sa-chi?

Suppose you won a million dollars.Faraz qilaylik, bir million dollar yutdingiz.
Imagine you lived on the moon.Oyda yashayotganingizni tasavvur qiling.
What if we missed the flight?Reysga kechiksak-chi?
What if she had more time?Uning ko‘proq vaqti bo‘lsa-chi?
Suppose you hadn’t met your wife.Faraz qilaylik, xotiningiz bilan tanishmagansiz.

Real imkoniyat bo‘lsa — hozirgi zamon: What if it rains tomorrow? Xayoliy bo‘lsa — o‘tgan zamon: What if it rained every day?

Orqaga surilgan zamon — umumiy qoida

Ingliz tilida xayoliy yoki haqiqatga zid narsalar haqida gapirganda zamon orqaga suriladi. Bu qoida bir nechta tuzilmada ishlaydi:

Tuzilma	Misol
2-tur shart	If I were rich, I would travel.
wish	I wish I were rich.
if only	If only I were rich!
as if / as though	He acts as if he were rich.
would rather	I’d rather you came tomorrow.
It’s time	It’s time we went home.
suppose / imagine	Suppose you were rich.

Bu yagona mantiqni tushunsangiz, barcha tuzilmalar oson bo‘ladi.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~He talks as if he knows everything, but he doesn’t.~~

✓ He talks as if he knew everything.

Xayoliy holat uchun as if + o‘tgan shakl.

✗ ~~She looks like she is tired. (rasmiy yozuv)~~

✓ She looks as if she is tired.

Gap oldida as if.

✗ ~~He acts as if he is the boss. (boshliq emas)~~

✓ He acts as if he were the boss.

Xayoliy — were.

✗ ~~You look as if you saw a ghost.~~

✓ You look as if you had seen a ghost.

O‘tmish xayoliy — Past Perfect.

✗ ~~She looks as if her mother.~~

✓ She looks like her mother.

Ot oldida like.

✗ ~~It seems as if to rain.~~

✓ It seems as if it’s going to rain. / It seems likely to rain.

as if dan keyin gap.

✗ ~~He behaved as though nothing happened.~~

✓ He behaved as though nothing had happened.

O‘tmish — Past Perfect.

✗ ~~Imagine you live on the moon. (xayoliy)~~

✓ Imagine you lived on the moon.

Xayoliy — Past Simple.

Eslab qoling: real o‘xshatish — oddiy zamon, xayoliy — Past Simple (were), xayoliy o‘tmish — Past Perfect. Ot oldida — like.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yangi hamkasb haqida

— What do you think of the new manager?— Yangi menejer haqida nima deb o‘ylaysiz?
— He talks as if he knew everything about our work.— U xuddi bizning ishimiz haqida hamma narsani biladigandek gapiradi.
— Yes, and he treats us as though we were students!— Ha, va bizga xuddi talabalardek munosabatda bo‘ladi!
— But yesterday he looked as if he was really stressed.— Lekin kecha u rostdan stressda ko‘rinardi.
— Maybe. It seems as if he’s under a lot of pressure.— Balki. U katta bosim ostida ekanga o‘xshaydi.

Kichik matn

When I returned to my village after twenty years, it felt as if time had stopped. The old men were sitting in the same tea house, talking as though nothing had changed. My aunt hugged me as if I were still a little boy. The streets looked as if they hadn’t been repaired since I left. It was strange, but it felt as if I had never been away.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

You look ___ you haven’t eaten for days. → as if / as though
He spends money as if he ___ (be) a millionaire. (aslida emas) → were
She looked at me as if I ___ (do) something wrong. (qilmaganman) → had done
It looks ___ rain. (ot bilan) → like
U xuddi hamma narsani biladigandek gapiradi. → He talks as if he knew everything.
Xuddi sizni yillardan beri taniganimdek his qilyapman. → It feels as if I’ve known you for years.
Oyda yashayotganingizni tasavvur qiling. → Imagine you lived on the moon.
Xatoni toping: She acted as if nothing happened. → She acted as if nothing had happened.

Qisqa xulosa

as if / as though = xuddi ... dek, go‘yo.
Real bo‘lishi mumkin — oddiy zamon: You look as if you are tired.
Xayoliy, hozir — Past Simple / were: He talks as if he knew everything.
Xayoliy, o‘tmish — Past Perfect: She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
Ko‘pincha look, seem, sound, feel, act bilan.
Ot oldida — like, gap oldida — as if (rasmiy yozuvda).
Faraz: suppose, imagine, what if — real bo‘lsa hozirgi, xayoliy bo‘lsa o‘tgan zamon.